Ardms Echo Exam Study Guide With Verified Solutions.

Ardms Echo Exam Study Guide With Verified Solutions. Pericardium - answera fluid filled sac that covers the heart and helps protect it against infection and trauma. fibrous pericardium - answerThe outermost layer of the pericardium serous pericardium - answerThe innermost layer of the pericardium, it is made up of two layers parietal layer - answerfirst layer of the serous pericardium that lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium Visceral layer - answerthe layer that adheres to the outside of the heart. Visceral layer - answeris also the epicardiun, the outermost layer of the heart wall Pericardial space - answerbetween the visceral and parietal layers, contains a clear fluid that is released by the serous membrane. 10-30ml - answerpericardial space contains how much fluid epicardium, myocardium, endocardium - answerThe wall of the heart is composed of what three layers? Epicardium - answerouter layer of the heart Myocardium - answerThick middle muscle layer of the heart Endocardium - answeris a thin layer of endorhelium and underlying connective tissue. It lines the inner chambers of the heart, valves, chorae tendineae, and papillary muscle. proximal to the aortic valve cusps - answerwhere are the 2 sinuses of valsalva located Sinus of valsalva aneurysm versus aortic root dilation - answerSinus of valsalva aneurysm is focal dilation of one sinus of Valsalva, not entire root. sinus of valsalva aneurysm - answeris a saccular type of dilation that usually only affects one sinus of valsava right coronary sinus - answerthe most commonly affected sinus in a sinus of valsalva aneurysm bicsupid aortic valve, ventricular septal defect, and coarctation of the aorta - answercommonly associated findings of sinus of valsalva aneurysm parasternal short axis of the aortic valve - answerbest view to visualize sinus of valsaca aneurysm endocarditis (n.) - answerif a patient has a sinus of valsalva aneurysm the patient is at risk for rupture and/or abscess, which can lead to subvalvular pulmonic stenosis - answerif the aneurysm protrudes into the right ventricle outflow tract it xan create Marfan syndrome - answergenetic connective tissue disorder that can cause a ruptured aorta dilation of the sinuses of valsalva, dilation of the proximal aorta, ascending aorta, and possible dissection, holosystolic mvp, MR, TVP, TR,AI, - answer2d echo findings of Marfan syndrome Mitral valve prolapse - answerposterior displacement of any portion of the mitral valve leaflets beyond the mitral valve annular plane during ventricular systole mitral valve prolapse (MVP) - answerassociated with marfans syndrome Mitral valve prolapse - answerpresents with a mid-systolic click or click murmur LAX - answerbest view to evaluate mvp due to volume overload (increased preload) - answerif MR is present, why should you evaluate the LAE and LVE posterior jet of MR - answerif the AMVL prolapses there is a (blank) directed jet of MR anterior directed jet of MR - answerif the PMVL prolapses there is a (blanl) jet of MR Ebstein's anomaly - answerinvolves downward displacement of one, two, or all three of the tricuspid valve leaflets into the right ventricle Ebstein's anomaly - answerresults in a large RA that may cause a patent foramen ovale and/or secundum atrial septal defect,a small RV , and TR asd, pfo, vsd,ps - answerassociated anomalies with Einstein parasternal lax view of the right ventricular inflow tract - answerview that allows evaluation of the posterior tricuspid leaflet akinetic myocardium - answerareas of muscle with no contraction myxoma - answera benign cardiac tumor that is usually attached by a stalk to the interatrial septum. myxoma - answeris the most common benign tumor found in adults interatrial septum - answera myxoma is usually attached to the (blank) by a stlk on the left atrial side LA - answermyxoma most commonly found in which chamber false tendon - answer(test) sheath located in the RV in PLAX between the RV and septum subvalvular pulmonic stenosis - answer(test)sinus of valsalva aneurysm may cause (blank) if it protrudes into the right ventricle outflow tract dilation of valsalva, proximal aorta/ascending aprta, aortic dissection, holosystolic mitral valve prolapse, MR,TVP,TR,AI, - answer2d echo findings of marfan sydrome coarctation of the aorta - answercongenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta typically is the aortic isthmus between the left subclavian artery and the first intercostal artery - answerwhere is the aortic isthmus located bicuspid aortic valve, valvular aortic stenosis, subvalvular aortic stenosis, pda, vsd - answercoarctation of the aorta is often associated with other congenital annomalies such as elevated, decreased - answertypically the blood pressure is (blank) above the coarctation and (blank) below the coarctation. conpare the blood pressure in the upper extremities vs the lower (test ? image/ video with velocities Eisenmenger syndrome - answerreversal of a congenital shunt from left to right to right to left secondary to irreversible elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and severe pulmonary hypertension vsd, dextroposition of the aorta, phtn, and right ventricular hypertrophy - answerEisenmenger's complex is defined as a cyanotic heart defect consisting of at the junction of the IVC and the RA - answereustachian valve is located at RA - answerchairi network is seen in the 1.2-2.3cm - answerIVC diameter Eustachian valve - answerduring fetal circulation this plays an important role in directing flow across the RA and through the Foramen ovale Chiari network - answermay posess a web-like structure within the RA and is usually seen