VBSC 421: Appendicular Skeleton
Stylopodium: forelimb - ANS-upper arm
Stylopodium: hindlimb - ANS-thigh
Zeugopodium: forelimb - ANS-forearm
Zeugopodium: hindlimb - ANS-shank (crus)
Autopodium: forelimb - ANS-manus (wrist-palm-fingers)
Autopodium: hindlimb - ANS-pes (ankle-sole-toes)
How is the structure of the tetrapod limb similar to the structure of the fin in the shark? -
ANS-pectoral girdle no longer connected to skull
Pterygiophores - ANS-supports proximal part of the fin close to the body
Ceratotrichia - ANS-keratinized rods that radiate out like vanes in a fan to internally
support the fins (chondrichthyan fishes)
Lepidotrichia - ANS-cartilaginous or ossified supports within fins (bony fishes)
Fin rays - ANS-strengthen the fins
Ceratotrichia in elasmobranchs
Lepidotrichia in bony fishes
Stylopodium - ANS-limb region closest to the body
- humerus (forelimb)
- femur (hindlimb)
Zeugopodium - ANS-middle limb region with 2 internal supportive elements
- ulna/radius (forelimb)
- tibia and fibula (hindlimb)
Autopodium - ANS-distal end of the limb
Manus - ANS-autopodium- forelimbs
, Pes - ANS-autopodium- hindlimbs
Pectoral girdle (shark) - ANS-U-shaped
(aka scapulocoracoid bar)
Coracoid bar (shark) - ANS-ventral portion of the pectoral girdle
Scapular cartilage (shark) - ANS-dorsal, distal portion of pectoral girdle
Basal pterygiophores (shark) - ANS-proximal end of pectoral fins (3)
Radial pterygiophores (shark) - ANS-form major support of the fins
Ceratotrichia (shark) - ANS-fin rays
Pelvic girdle (shark) - ANS-just anterior to the cloaca
Puboischiadic bar (shark) - ANS-
Iliac processes (shark) - ANS-project from anterior ends
(2)
Basal pterygiophores - pelvic (shark) - ANS-proximal end of pelvic fins
Radial pterygiophores - pelvic (shark) - ANS-extend from basal cartilages
Ceratotrichia - pelvic (shark) - ANS-fin rays, support fin web
Clasper (shark) - ANS-only in the male- way to sex sharks externally
sperm transfer organ
supported by cartilages derived from radial pterygiophores
Pectoral girdle (necturus) - ANS-Not articulated with skull, instead rests in muscular
sling
- Freed skull for independent movement, provided greater freedom of movement
associated with anterior appendages
Scapula (necturus) - ANS-articulates with humerus
Stylopodium: forelimb - ANS-upper arm
Stylopodium: hindlimb - ANS-thigh
Zeugopodium: forelimb - ANS-forearm
Zeugopodium: hindlimb - ANS-shank (crus)
Autopodium: forelimb - ANS-manus (wrist-palm-fingers)
Autopodium: hindlimb - ANS-pes (ankle-sole-toes)
How is the structure of the tetrapod limb similar to the structure of the fin in the shark? -
ANS-pectoral girdle no longer connected to skull
Pterygiophores - ANS-supports proximal part of the fin close to the body
Ceratotrichia - ANS-keratinized rods that radiate out like vanes in a fan to internally
support the fins (chondrichthyan fishes)
Lepidotrichia - ANS-cartilaginous or ossified supports within fins (bony fishes)
Fin rays - ANS-strengthen the fins
Ceratotrichia in elasmobranchs
Lepidotrichia in bony fishes
Stylopodium - ANS-limb region closest to the body
- humerus (forelimb)
- femur (hindlimb)
Zeugopodium - ANS-middle limb region with 2 internal supportive elements
- ulna/radius (forelimb)
- tibia and fibula (hindlimb)
Autopodium - ANS-distal end of the limb
Manus - ANS-autopodium- forelimbs
, Pes - ANS-autopodium- hindlimbs
Pectoral girdle (shark) - ANS-U-shaped
(aka scapulocoracoid bar)
Coracoid bar (shark) - ANS-ventral portion of the pectoral girdle
Scapular cartilage (shark) - ANS-dorsal, distal portion of pectoral girdle
Basal pterygiophores (shark) - ANS-proximal end of pectoral fins (3)
Radial pterygiophores (shark) - ANS-form major support of the fins
Ceratotrichia (shark) - ANS-fin rays
Pelvic girdle (shark) - ANS-just anterior to the cloaca
Puboischiadic bar (shark) - ANS-
Iliac processes (shark) - ANS-project from anterior ends
(2)
Basal pterygiophores - pelvic (shark) - ANS-proximal end of pelvic fins
Radial pterygiophores - pelvic (shark) - ANS-extend from basal cartilages
Ceratotrichia - pelvic (shark) - ANS-fin rays, support fin web
Clasper (shark) - ANS-only in the male- way to sex sharks externally
sperm transfer organ
supported by cartilages derived from radial pterygiophores
Pectoral girdle (necturus) - ANS-Not articulated with skull, instead rests in muscular
sling
- Freed skull for independent movement, provided greater freedom of movement
associated with anterior appendages
Scapula (necturus) - ANS-articulates with humerus
