Pup 4203 Study Guide With Complete Solution

PUP 420 3 STU DY GUID E WIT H COM PLETE SOL UTI ON Cost effectiveness (the result of public policy is diverse and hard to place money on) - ANSWER •Benefits expressed in substantive terms •Costs expressed in monetary terms •Example: how much did the policy cost per life saved? What do we mean by power? - ANSWER A exercises power over B, to the extent that A can get B to do something that B would not otherwise do deontological values - ANSWER Something that one must do regardless of the consequences. It is done because it is the moral thing to do. Deep Ecology - ANSWER Considers the right and values of every living thing on earth teleological values - ANSWER Goodness or badness of an action depends on the outcome of such action assessing environmental laws - ANSWER Effectiveness, efficiency, equity, individual liberty, feasibility, sustainability Effectiveness - ANSWER We want a policy that meets a specific goal. We evaluate if it effectively meets the goal. Efficiency - ANSWER A policy brings about the most cost-effective result. For example: Do we clean the air in a cost- effective manner? Equity - ANSWER How equally goods are allocated in society. Whether the distribution of costs and benefits are equal. Sustainability - ANSWER Ensuring policy remains effective Administrative/ political feasibility - ANSWER Need a law that is long-lasting as possible When did public policy start to exist? - ANSWER Early 20th century Incrementalism - ANSWER Small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget-making --that the best indicator of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a small increase punctuated equilibrium - ANSWER political scientists implemented for the way we think about political changes. Most times policy is slow moving, incremental marginal change. Silent Spring - ANSWER A book written to voice the concerns of environmentalists. Launched the environmentalist movement by pointing out the effects of civilization development. Policy Process Model - ANSWER a way of thinking about how policy is made in terms of steps in a progression Policy Process Model - ANSWER agenda setting, policy formulation, policy legitimation, policy implementation, impact and reformulation, policy change, termination agenda setting - ANSWER Determining which public-policy questions will be debated or considered. policy formulation - ANSWER the stage of the policymaking process during which formal proposals are developed and adopted policy legitimation - ANSWER Step in the policy process that gives legal force to decisions or authorizes or justifies policy action. policy implementation - ANSWER Policy goes through executive branch to place intro effect impact and reformulation - ANSWER analysis of a public policy so as to determine how well it is working Termination - ANSWER If policy fails we get rid of it agenda setting - ANSWER process of agenda setting - ANSWER 1. Problems: Understand that there is a problem - We need a scientific basis to know how important a problem is - Focusing events:: something big that grasps the public attention - Media and issue framing: The problem we gathered through scientific understanding and how it is presented through media's perception 2. Politics ( right that we can do something about it) - Public opinion - Interest Group Politics- there has to be a stable coalition of interest gr oup that favors an approach to solve a problem. 3. Policies: Agreement that there is some policy solution to fix problem (Small window to solve problem) confirmation bias - ANSWER a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence nonsequitur - ANSWER an argument that has nothing to do with the scientific information being presented Post-materialism - ANSWER idea that once basic material needs are met you begin to turn to luxury. US vs. Uganda interest groups politics - ANSWER a situation where the consequences of a policy have costs for a small segment of a society environmental groups - ANSWER Env. groups not homogenous a. All environemental groups have different missions and approaches b. Eg. Sierra Club (Non-profit organization) : cannot donate to campaigns. No lobbying. business groups - ANSWER a set of firms that, though legally independent, are bound together by a constellation of formal and informal ties and are accustomed to taking coordinated action Separation of Powers - ANSWER no one has the ability to unilaterally make laws Regulatory Federalism - ANSWER A system in which the national government sets requirements that are then implemented by state and local governments. Environmental Law - ANSWER A field of law concerning the conservation and use of natural resources and the control of pollution Chevron Deference - ANSWER a principle of administrative law requiring courts to defer to interpretations of statutes made by those government agencies charged with enforcing them, unless such interpretations are