CDE Exam Prep #12
At how many times greater risk are diabetics to have cardiovascular disease than
non-diabetics? - ANS-People with diabetes have a risk for cardiovascular disease that is
2-4 times greater than that of the non-diabetic population.
At what point is an antihypertensive medication usually added to therapeutic lifestyle
interventions? - ANS-When BP is > 140/90 mmHg
By what percentage is the risk for developing diabetes reduced through weight loss that
is achieved by healthy eating and increasing physical activity? - ANS-58%
How can dietary intake be modified for diabetes prevention? - ANS--Decrease calories
and total daily fat
-Decrease saturated fats
-Increase intake of dietary fiber and whole grains
How does exercising effect blood sugar? - ANS-Exercise boost carbohydrate
metabolism and insulin sensitivity
How is A1c measured? - ANS-By measuring the amount of glucose in the blood that
attaches to the hemoglobin molecule.
How is MAU definitively diagnosed? - ANS-At least 2-3 tests performed within a 6
month period that are elevated
How many calories are in a gram of fat, carbohydrate, and protein? - ANS-9 calories -
fat; 4 calories - carb; 4 calories - protein
How many calories are in one pound of body fat? - ANS-~3,500 calories
How many calories are there per gram of alcohol? - ANS-7 calories
How much higher is the rate of depression in those with DM as opposed to the
non-diabetic population? - ANS-The rate of depression in people with diabetes is
approximately three times that of people without DM
How often should fasting lipids be tested in patients with DM? - ANS-At least annually or
every two years if the patient is low risk
, How often should fasting plasma glucose be done on children at risk for type 2 DM? -
ANS-Every 3 years
In 2010, what criteria for an A1c did the ADA recommend be used to identify increased
risk for DM (prediabetes)? - ANS-An A1c level of 5.7-6.4%
Microalbuminuria (MAU) Test for kidney function - ANS-Purpose - to detect early
microalbuminuria so that further decline in kidney function can be prevented or delayed
Values:
Normal less than 30 mcg/mg
Microalbuminuria is defined as 30-299 mcg/mg
Clinical albuminuria is >/= 300 mcg/mg
Overweight is defined as (pediatrics): - ANS-- BMI >85th percentile for age and sex
- Weight for height >85th percentile
- Weight >12-30% above ideal
Strategies for working with teens - ANS-- focus on peer relationships
- be aware of body image
- collaborate and compromise with goals set by teen
- Enhance feelings of normalcy
- involve teen in peer support groups/diabetes camp
- maintain open lines of communication
- explore perceived barriers
- establish primary relationship with teen but keep parents involved- parental
involvement is essential in prevention of ketoacidosis
- provide positive reinforcement
What A1c value has been established by the ADA in 2010 to be an accepted diagnostic
criteria? - ANS-A1c >/= 6.5%
What are some atypical symptoms of depression? - ANS--Symptoms of hypoglycemia
or hyperglycemia despite objective findings of glycemic control
-Physical symptoms that are out of proportion with objective data
-Sexual dysfunction
-Chronic pain
-Worsening glycemic control
-Decline in self-care behavior
At how many times greater risk are diabetics to have cardiovascular disease than
non-diabetics? - ANS-People with diabetes have a risk for cardiovascular disease that is
2-4 times greater than that of the non-diabetic population.
At what point is an antihypertensive medication usually added to therapeutic lifestyle
interventions? - ANS-When BP is > 140/90 mmHg
By what percentage is the risk for developing diabetes reduced through weight loss that
is achieved by healthy eating and increasing physical activity? - ANS-58%
How can dietary intake be modified for diabetes prevention? - ANS--Decrease calories
and total daily fat
-Decrease saturated fats
-Increase intake of dietary fiber and whole grains
How does exercising effect blood sugar? - ANS-Exercise boost carbohydrate
metabolism and insulin sensitivity
How is A1c measured? - ANS-By measuring the amount of glucose in the blood that
attaches to the hemoglobin molecule.
How is MAU definitively diagnosed? - ANS-At least 2-3 tests performed within a 6
month period that are elevated
How many calories are in a gram of fat, carbohydrate, and protein? - ANS-9 calories -
fat; 4 calories - carb; 4 calories - protein
How many calories are in one pound of body fat? - ANS-~3,500 calories
How many calories are there per gram of alcohol? - ANS-7 calories
How much higher is the rate of depression in those with DM as opposed to the
non-diabetic population? - ANS-The rate of depression in people with diabetes is
approximately three times that of people without DM
How often should fasting lipids be tested in patients with DM? - ANS-At least annually or
every two years if the patient is low risk
, How often should fasting plasma glucose be done on children at risk for type 2 DM? -
ANS-Every 3 years
In 2010, what criteria for an A1c did the ADA recommend be used to identify increased
risk for DM (prediabetes)? - ANS-An A1c level of 5.7-6.4%
Microalbuminuria (MAU) Test for kidney function - ANS-Purpose - to detect early
microalbuminuria so that further decline in kidney function can be prevented or delayed
Values:
Normal less than 30 mcg/mg
Microalbuminuria is defined as 30-299 mcg/mg
Clinical albuminuria is >/= 300 mcg/mg
Overweight is defined as (pediatrics): - ANS-- BMI >85th percentile for age and sex
- Weight for height >85th percentile
- Weight >12-30% above ideal
Strategies for working with teens - ANS-- focus on peer relationships
- be aware of body image
- collaborate and compromise with goals set by teen
- Enhance feelings of normalcy
- involve teen in peer support groups/diabetes camp
- maintain open lines of communication
- explore perceived barriers
- establish primary relationship with teen but keep parents involved- parental
involvement is essential in prevention of ketoacidosis
- provide positive reinforcement
What A1c value has been established by the ADA in 2010 to be an accepted diagnostic
criteria? - ANS-A1c >/= 6.5%
What are some atypical symptoms of depression? - ANS--Symptoms of hypoglycemia
or hyperglycemia despite objective findings of glycemic control
-Physical symptoms that are out of proportion with objective data
-Sexual dysfunction
-Chronic pain
-Worsening glycemic control
-Decline in self-care behavior
