Final MPOETC Exam Questions with Answers, A+

What statute allows citizens to use force? - 505 What statute allows law enforcement to use force? - 508 Statute of Limitations - Time you were made aware of charges What are the four types of culpability? - Intentionally Knowingly Recklessly Negligently What is not a defense of culpability? (304) - Ignorance of the law Voluntary intoxication/drugged What is a defense for culpability? - Duress Insanity Guilty but mentally ill Involuntary intoxication What types of encounters does law enforcement have with the public? - Mere encounter Investigatory detention Custodial detention/arrest What type of proof do you need for an investigatory detention? - Reasonable suspicion What type of proof do you need for a custodial detention? - Probable Cause What are the three components of the Criminal Justice System? - Law enforcement Courts Corrections Level of Government - Local/municipal County State Federal Courts (court system) - Local (minor courts) Court of common pleas (appeals from minor cases) Commonwealth court (state court) Superior court Supreme court Federal court Initial Appearance (preliminary arraignment) - Defendant is brought before a judge to hear charges & a bail decision Preliminary Hearing - show the court the prosecution has a "prima facie" case (on the surface it warrants putting the defendant through a prosecution & using the state's resources to pursue the matter) Formal Arraignment - Defendant hears charges to be tried & enters plea if plead guilty or solo contenders (no contest) may have a hearing to determine penalty or may go immediately to sentencing stage defendant may plea "not guilty" then the case proceeds to next level Common Pleas Court (criminal court) - Trial by jury Trials have two primary stages: - presentation of prosecution - presentation of defense, if defendant elects to do so Bail - A bond to insure the appearance of the defendant in court if they are not to be held in custody until trial ROR ( released on recognizance) - Their word they will appear in court is their bond PA is the only state in which the grand jury has what? - No authority to indict Pre-motion Trial - These motions may address the admissibility of evidence, or venue changes In this stage the plea negotiations most likely will take place or diversionary programs such as Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition What are the three eras of policing? - Political era Reform era Community era Political Era - Police often obtained their job as favors by politicians to constituents who had financially backed them Ex. big buff male would get job) Reform Era - Narrowed police function to crime control/reactive, incident driven police service Ex. DARE program