CHEM 210 Module 7 Exam Newest

CHEM 210 Module 7 Exam Newest 1. A scientist uses the term flux regarding a biochemical pathway. What does flux mean?: Flux is the rate of flow through a biochemical pathway. 2. A particular pathway breaks down proteins into amino acids. Is this an anabolic or a catabolic pathway?: Catabolic. This is degradation of a molecule. 3. The acetyl group is connected to CoA to make Acetyl-CoA. A) What specific atom of CoA connects to the carbon atom on the acetyl group? B) What nucleotide base is part of CoA?: A) Sulfur B) Adenine 4. Both carbohydrates and lipids are broken down into Acetyl-CoA for further processing. What pathway does Acetyl-CoA go to next?: Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) 5. What is the "ETC" and what happens there?: Electron transport chain. NADH is converted into ATP at the ETC. 6. What is the sign (+ or -) of ”G for the breakdown of ATP to ADP? Why is the sign important?: (-). A negative means spontaneous, or favorable, and is able to power other processes. 7. What are the two phases of glycolysis? How many reactions in each?: The preparatory phase and payoff phase. Five reactions in each. 8. How many ATPs are invested in glycolysis?: 2 9. What is the net number of ATP gained from glycolysis?: 2 (2 invested, 4 gained, for a net of 2) 10. How many reactions of glycolysis have a single arrow "’" in their reaction equation?: 3 11. What is the fate of pyruvate produced in glycolysis?: Under anaerobic conditions, it goes to lactate or sometimes ethanol or other products to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis. Under aerobic conditions, it proceeds to the citric acid cycle. 12. For one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, how many ATP or NADH are produced (or required) in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphos- phoglycerate step in glycolysis?: 1 NADH produced