PSY 370-Exam 1 || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
educational psychology correct answers -study of teaching an learning
-explores research in:
* effectiveness of teaching methods, students thought processes and memory, effects of environmental factors, development in several domains, group comparisons vs. individual development over time
3 reasons we need research/why common sense is wrong correct answers 1. Sometimes we are just wrong
2. Things are often more complex than we see them
3. Confirmation bias
Sometimes we are just wrong correct answers -our senses deceive us
-there is no evidence -Ex: spiral allusion
Things are often more complex than they seem correct answers -we overgeneralize and over simplify things -deeper content and circumstances needed
-Why?
* limited mental resources (attention) and we can only pay attention to so much
* different perspectives / we have different backgrounds, families, interests, genetics, etc.
Confirmation Bias correct answers -seeking only evidence that supports our beliefs and ignoring evidence that contradicts those beliefs
-seeing what you want or expect to see -we do it without realizing (natural tendency--brain shortcuts to make judgments)
-Ex: the Full moon causes crazy behaviors, superstitions, learning styles
self-fulfilling prophecies correct answers -beliefs about how a person will behave that actually make the expected behavior more likely
What can we do to reduce the occurrence and impact of our own biases and mental limitations? correct answers 1. Admit you have a problem 2. Seek out other perspectives (avoid echo chambers)
3. Practice explaining other views 4. Rely on quality evidence/info
*lateral reading (multiple sources)
*CRAAP Test
*Research
Why research is better than common sense? correct answers 1. systematic, planned, focused (no hind sight)
2. Replicated/repeatable studies
3. Larger, more diverse samples 4. Expertly reviewed/critiqued 5. more objective (though there is no perfect study--other factors, biases)
Research and funding correct answers -before funding is given to schools/programs, effectiveness needs to be shown
-research determines effectiveness -new programs receiving federal funds must have scientific evidence (NCLB and Race to the Top)
Sample correct answers -a smaller group within a population -studying the entire population would be inefficient, if not impossible
-Ex: population= all college students, sample = college students from UWL
Convenience sample correct answers -using people nearby/easy access -problem = biased
random selection correct answers -ideal
-each person in population has an equal chance of being in sample -representative of entire population
-produces generalization results
Qualitative data correct answers -descriptions verbally or written
-Ex: different types of ways kids fight, personal statement -Pros: measures richer info, gives deeper detail
-Cons: Subjective, broad, takes longer
Quantitative data correct answers -numbers
-Ex: number of times kids fight
-Pros: more objective, less bias, easier
-Cons: only measured so much, not all things can be put into numbers
Data Collection Techniques correct answers 1. self report
2. performance assessment 3. behavioral observation 4. physiological measurements
Self report correct answers -ppts give info to questions asked
-Pros: easy, fast, lots of info
-Cons: bias, lies/deceit, poor ppt judgment, subjective
Performance Assessment correct answers -researcher makes and watches ppts do something (ex: tells them to fix a car to test mechanic ability)
-Pros: More objective
-Cons: not always well designed or equitable
Behavioral Observation correct answers -naturalistic= in natural habitat
educational psychology correct answers -study of teaching an learning
-explores research in:
* effectiveness of teaching methods, students thought processes and memory, effects of environmental factors, development in several domains, group comparisons vs. individual development over time
3 reasons we need research/why common sense is wrong correct answers 1. Sometimes we are just wrong
2. Things are often more complex than we see them
3. Confirmation bias
Sometimes we are just wrong correct answers -our senses deceive us
-there is no evidence -Ex: spiral allusion
Things are often more complex than they seem correct answers -we overgeneralize and over simplify things -deeper content and circumstances needed
-Why?
* limited mental resources (attention) and we can only pay attention to so much
* different perspectives / we have different backgrounds, families, interests, genetics, etc.
Confirmation Bias correct answers -seeking only evidence that supports our beliefs and ignoring evidence that contradicts those beliefs
-seeing what you want or expect to see -we do it without realizing (natural tendency--brain shortcuts to make judgments)
-Ex: the Full moon causes crazy behaviors, superstitions, learning styles
self-fulfilling prophecies correct answers -beliefs about how a person will behave that actually make the expected behavior more likely
What can we do to reduce the occurrence and impact of our own biases and mental limitations? correct answers 1. Admit you have a problem 2. Seek out other perspectives (avoid echo chambers)
3. Practice explaining other views 4. Rely on quality evidence/info
*lateral reading (multiple sources)
*CRAAP Test
*Research
Why research is better than common sense? correct answers 1. systematic, planned, focused (no hind sight)
2. Replicated/repeatable studies
3. Larger, more diverse samples 4. Expertly reviewed/critiqued 5. more objective (though there is no perfect study--other factors, biases)
Research and funding correct answers -before funding is given to schools/programs, effectiveness needs to be shown
-research determines effectiveness -new programs receiving federal funds must have scientific evidence (NCLB and Race to the Top)
Sample correct answers -a smaller group within a population -studying the entire population would be inefficient, if not impossible
-Ex: population= all college students, sample = college students from UWL
Convenience sample correct answers -using people nearby/easy access -problem = biased
random selection correct answers -ideal
-each person in population has an equal chance of being in sample -representative of entire population
-produces generalization results
Qualitative data correct answers -descriptions verbally or written
-Ex: different types of ways kids fight, personal statement -Pros: measures richer info, gives deeper detail
-Cons: Subjective, broad, takes longer
Quantitative data correct answers -numbers
-Ex: number of times kids fight
-Pros: more objective, less bias, easier
-Cons: only measured so much, not all things can be put into numbers
Data Collection Techniques correct answers 1. self report
2. performance assessment 3. behavioral observation 4. physiological measurements
Self report correct answers -ppts give info to questions asked
-Pros: easy, fast, lots of info
-Cons: bias, lies/deceit, poor ppt judgment, subjective
Performance Assessment correct answers -researcher makes and watches ppts do something (ex: tells them to fix a car to test mechanic ability)
-Pros: More objective
-Cons: not always well designed or equitable
Behavioral Observation correct answers -naturalistic= in natural habitat
