Civics Benchmark Review & EOC Study Guide with Complete Solutions 1. The Enlightenment idea of separation of powers was developed by? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Montesquieu 2. John Locke's theory that certain truths in society come from and are governed by nature is known as the theory of? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Natural L aw 3. Describe John Locke's theory of social contract. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Citizens surrender some rights (not a state of nature) to live by laws and be protected by a government. 4. What document guaranteed that not even the king or queen was above the law. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Magna Carta - Limited Government -Trial by Jury -Rule of Law 5. Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights on the development of the U.S. Constitu tion. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-English Bill of Rights - listed guaranteed rights of Englishmen and the anti -federalists wanted to list the rights of Americans before they agreed to ratify the Constitution 6. What was the first document that established self -government by creating a direct democracy in the colonies? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Mayflower Compact 7. This pamphlet was used to persuade members of the Second Continental Congress and justified the ideals and reasons for independence from Great Britain. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Common Sense written by Thomas Paine 8. Give specific examples of colonial responses to English policies. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Boycotts & Protests • Stamp Act Congress • Boston Tea Party • Boycott imported goods 9. What concerns of t he colonists' led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-King and Parliament did not respect the colonies rights in lawmaking. 10. What were the main complaints/arguments against Britain in the Declaration of Independence? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Unfair Taxes Unfair Acts (Quartering Act Stamp Act, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts) Lack of Representation in Parliament Dissolved representative houses in colonies Cut off trade trial by jury 11. John Locke's theory of _______________ __ guaranteed that all individuals are entitled to basic rights such as life liberty, and property. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Natural Rights 12. Which document outlined the first form of government for the United States? Which system of government did this doc ument create? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Confederation Government Loose form of states -States retained all power 13. List some of the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-National Government could not - raise taxes Could not e nforce laws No national courts, No Chief Executive 14. What is the purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-
Outlines the purpose and intentions of the United States Constitution. "We the People..." Government gets consent from t he people 15. What was the main argument the Federalists used to support the ratification of the Constitution? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Federalists believed a strong central government was needed to solve the countries problems 16. List the arguments the Anti -Federalists used to against ratifying the Constitution. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Anti-Federalists believed a strong central government would take away newly won rights of citizens agreed to ratify Constitution with the promise of the addition of Bill of Righ ts. 17. A legal member of a country is a ___________. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Citizen 18. Name the two ways a person can become a U.S. citizen. 1. Birth/Natural Born ( Law of Blood or Law of Soil) - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-1. Birth/Natural Born ( Law of Blood or Law of Soil) 2. Naturalization Process
Outlines the purpose and intentions of the United States Constitution. "We the People..." Government gets consent from t he people 15. What was the main argument the Federalists used to support the ratification of the Constitution? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Federalists believed a strong central government was needed to solve the countries problems 16. List the arguments the Anti -Federalists used to against ratifying the Constitution. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Anti-Federalists believed a strong central government would take away newly won rights of citizens agreed to ratify Constitution with the promise of the addition of Bill of Righ ts. 17. A legal member of a country is a ___________. - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Citizen 18. Name the two ways a person can become a U.S. citizen. 1. Birth/Natural Born ( Law of Blood or Law of Soil) - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-1. Birth/Natural Born ( Law of Blood or Law of Soil) 2. Naturalization Process
