NURS 403 - Final Exam With Complete Solutions 2024.

NURS 403 - Final Exam With Complete Solutions 2024. What are the four lobes of the brain? - ANSWER Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Where is the frontal lobe located & what is it responsible for? - ANSWER Front of the brain Motor movement and personality Where is the parietal lobe located & what is it responbile for? - ANSWER Behind frontal lobe & above temporal lobes Sensation & Perception Where is the temporal lobe located and what is it responsible for? - ANSWER Side of the brain, below parietal lobe and posterior to frontal lobe. Sound recognition, speech, (Brocas and Wernickes area) and short term memory NURS 403 - Final Exam With Complete Solutions 2024 Where is the occipital lobe located and what is it responsible for? - ANSWER Posterior portion of the skull behind all other lobes Vision What does the brainstem consist of? - ANSWER The pons, medulla, and midbrain Basic functioning occurs and all motor/sensory information is relayed. 10/12 cranial nerves sit here Midbrain processes auditory and visual signals Medulla controls HR, RR, BP Pons controls RR / sleep-wake cycle Where is the cerebellum located and what is it responsible for? - ANSWER Its located inferior to the occipital lobe. It is responsible for coordination of movement. Issues with this will result in problems w/ gait, unsteadiness. What is the cerebral perfusion pressure? - ANSWER Pressure neeedd to ensure blood flow to the brain Normal CPP is 60-100mmHg Less than 50 will result in ischemia to the brain Less than 30 is incompatible with life Formula for CPP is MAP - ICP = CPP What's a normal cerebral perfusion pressure? - ANSWER 60-100 mmHg What's the formula for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)? - ANSWER MAP - ICP = CPP Should be between 60-100 mmHg What is autoregulation? - ANSWER the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply despite changes in perfusion (either constrict or dilate) What are the layers of the meninges? - ANSWER dura mater (top) arachnoid mater (middle) pia mater (closest to brain) Where is an epidural hematoma? - ANSWER Between the skull and the dura mater *Emergent* - requires surgery to save their life Where is a Subdural Hematoma? - ANSWER between dura and arachnoid space Often associated with *venous* injuries Where is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - ANSWER Between the arachnoid mater and pia mater Often associated with *aneurysms* How would intracranial pressure (ICP) be defined? - ANSWER The hydrostatic force measured in the brains compartments / pressure in the head. What is a normal ICP reference range? - ANSWER 0-15 mmHg At what ICP level would you intervene for treatment? - ANSWER If the ICP is greater than 20 mmHg What is the Monro-Kellie Doctrine? - ANSWER idea that the head is a closed shell and the three major components (brain, blood, and CSF) are in a state of dynamic equilibrium - as the volume of one goes up, the volume of another must go down This compensatory mechanism can only go on for so long.