Attributability, Accountability and Implicit Bias fully solved

Attributability, Accountability and Implicit BiasImplicit biases - correct answer We are often unaware of them, we cannot control their influence on our actions and judgements, and they often undermine our considered beliefs and judgements. Unlike explicit bias (which reflects the attitudes or beliefs that one endorses at a conscious level), implicit bias is the bias in judgment and/or behavior that results from subtle cognitive processes (e.g., implicit attitudes and implicit stereotypes) that often operate at a level below conscious awareness. They are at once the products and the perpetrators of social inequality: unjust social structures breed implicit biases, and implicit biases impede structural change. Responsibility as "attributability" - correct answer depends on the notion that actions are expressions of our agency. We are morally responsible for our actions in this sense only when they reflect who we are as moral agents- that is, when they are properly attributable to us as manifestations of our ends, commitments, and values. Responsibility as "Accountability" - correct answer depends on the social and institutional practices governing the distribution of duties and burdens across different roles and positions within a society. We are morally responsible for our actions in this second send when it is appropriate for other to enforce certain expectations and demands on those actions- in other words, when it is appropriate for others to hold us accountable for them. "problem of action"- that is, the problem of understanding ourselves as agents given a naturalistic picture of the world where we, like everything else, are just segments in a tightly linked causal chain. Because out agency is constituted by our ends, values and commitments- by our "practical identities", in short- our actions provide the grounds for a kind of appraisal that is not available to non-rational and non-moral agents like children and animals. We are morally responsible for actions in this attributability sense when that action is expressive of our morally evaluable ends, values, attitudes and commitments.