MDC 2 EXAM 2 (revised) Complete Qs & As

MDC 2 EXAM 2 (revised) Complete Qs & As Magnesium value 1.8-2.6 Phosphate value 3.0-4.5 Potassium value 3.5-5.0 Calcium value 9.0-10.5 Sodium value 136-145 Vomiting leads to what electrolyte imbalance and what pH imbalance? hyponatremia & metabolic alkalosis Diarrhea leads to what electrolyte imbalance and what pH imbalance? hypokalemia & Metabolic acidosis What electrolytes are inside the cell (intracellular)? (MPP) magnesium, phosphate, potassium What electrolytes are outside the cell (extracellular)? Bicarbonate, Chloride, Sodium Chloride value 98-106 minimum amount of urine needed daily to excrete toxins? 400-600 Fluid overload (hypervolemia) can be caused by Glucocorticoids Fluid overload (hypervolemia) can cause CHF, edema, respiratory issues How much fluids are excreted from exhalation per day 300 If a patient has a ileostomy (colon removed) what are they at risk for? dehydration/ metabolic acidosis If a patient has a NG tube they are at risk for? hypokalemia Chvostek's sign - what is it, and what does it indicate? twitching of muscles inverted by facial nerve and can be a sign of hypocalcemia Telemetry is the way to monitor a person's vital signs remotely : heart rate NG tube can lead to hypokalemia/ metabolic alkalosis menopause usually puts a patient at risk for what electrolyte imbalance? hypocalcemia (due to decline of estrogen) hypomagnesium cause(s)? alcohol hypermagnesium cause(s)? kidney failure hypokalemia cause(s)? diuretics (digoxin, lasix, thiazide*) if hypokalemia is serious it can case what symptom? parlytic illeus Hyperkalemia can be caused by? metabolic acidosis, diabetes, potassium SPARING diuretics Hyperkalemia can cause what symptoms to occur? large T wave peak Hypocalcemia is caused by? hypoparathyroidism, chrohn's disease, menopause Hypercalcemia is caused by? hyperparathyroidism Hyponatremia usually means hypervolemia Hypernatremia usually means hypovolemia Acid base balance is characterized by what 3 pH buffers? 1. Metabolic H+ 2. Lungs CO2 3. Kidneys HCO3 (bicarbonate) To find your (ABG) you: -pH 7.35-7.45 -CO2 35-45 -HCO3 22-26 Lower pH= higher acidity