Microbiology Fundamentals A Clinical Approach, 2nd ed. by Cowan Chapter 10.

Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach, 2nd ed. by Cowan Chapter 10 Goal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Correct Answer- Administer a drug to an infected person that destroys the infective agent without harming the host's cells A drug must be easy to administer and able to reach the infectious agent anywhere in the body, be absolutely toxic to the infectious agent and absolutely nontoxic to the host, and remain in the body as long as needed and be safely and easily broken down and excreted How many children were expected to die of an infectious disease in the US over 100 years ago before the age of 5? Correct Answer- 1 in 3 In what year was the introduction of modern drugs to control infections in the medical revolution Correct Answer- 1930's Chemotherapeutic drug Correct Answer- Any chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease Prophylaxis Correct Answer- Use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk Antimicrobial chemotherapy Correct Answer- The use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control infection What is the goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy? Correct Answer- Administer a drug to an infected person that destroys the infective agent without harming the host's cells. Antimicrobials Correct Answer- All-inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of its origin Semisynthetic drugs Correct Answer- Drugs that are chemically modified in the lab after being isolated from natural sources Synthetic drugs Correct Answer- Drugs produced entirely by chemical reactions Narrow spectrum (limited spectrum) Correct Answer- Antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types Ex: a drug effective mainly on gram-positive bacteria Broad spectrum (extended spectrum) Correct Answer- Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types Ex: a drug effective against both gram-negative and gram-negative bacteria Antibiotics Correct Answer- Substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms Common metabolic products of aerobic bacteria and fungi Produced to inhibit the growth of competing microbes in the same habitat Ex: bacteria in the genera Streptomyces and Bacillus molds in the genera Penicillium and Cephalosporium (against gram-positive bacteria) Three factors to know before antimicrobial therapy can begin Correct Answer- The nature of the microorganism causing the infection The degree of the the microorganism's susceptibility (sensitivity) to various drugs The overall medical condition of the patient Identifying the agent Correct Answer- Specimens from the patient must be taken before any antimicrobial drug is given (body fluids, sputum, stool) Kirby-Bauer technique Correct Answer- Tests of drug susceptibility Surface of an agar plate is spread with bacteria