Hiatal hernia (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

Hiatal hernia (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is a sliding esophageal hiatal hernia? Both the stomach and GE junction herniate into the thorax via the esophageal hiatus; also known as type I hiatal hernia What is the incidence of hiatal hernia? 90% of all hiatal hernias What are the symptoms of hiatal hernia? Most patients are asymptomatic, but the condition can cause reflux, dysphagia (from inflammatory edema), esophagitis, and pulmonary problems secondary to aspiration How is a hiatal hernia diagnosed? UGI series, manometry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy for esophagitis What are the complications of hiatal hernia? Reflux S esophagitis S Barrett's esophagus S cancer and stricture formation; aspiration pneumonia; it can also result in UGI bleeding from esophageal ulcerations What is the treatment of hiatal hernia? 85% of cases treated medically with antacids, H2 blockers/PPIs, head elevation after meals, small meals, and no food prior to sleeping; 15% of cases require surgery for persistent symptoms despite adequate medical treatment What is the surgical treatment of hiatal hernia? Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LAP NISSEN) involves wrapping the fundus around the LES and suturing it in place