NUR 256- Exam.docx

What is the normal range for sodium? - correct answer 136-145 mEq/L What is the normal range for potassium? - correct answer 3.5-5.0 mEq/L What is the normal range for calcium? - correct answer 9-10.5 mg/dL What is the normal range for magnesium? - correct answer 1.3-2.1 mEq/L What is the normal range for phosphate? - correct answer 3.0-4.5 mg/dL What is the normal range for chloride? - correct answer 98-106 mEq/L Define the term Hypo- - correct answer Low Define the term Hyper- - correct answer High Define the term -natremia - correct answer Sodium Define the term -kalemia - correct answer Potassium Define the term -calcemia - correct answer Calcium Define the term -phosphatemia - correct answer Phosphate Define the term -magnesemia - correct answer Magnesium Define the term -chloremia - correct answer Chloride Define the term -volemia - correct answer Fluid Volume What are the signs and symptoms of hypovolemia? - correct answer 1. Hypotension 2. Tachycardia 3. Thready Pulse 4. Tachypnea 5. Dizziness 6. Syncope 7. Confusion 8. Dry Mucous Membranes 9. Weight Loss 10. Oliguria 11. Flattened Neck Veins 12. Poor Skin Turgor 13. Increased Hct 14. Increased BUN 15. Increased Sodium 16. Increased Urine Specific Gravity A patient came into the ER he states that he has the below symptoms. What will the physician diagnose him with? 1. Hypotension 2. Tachycardia 3. Thready Pulse 4. Tachypnea 5. Dizziness 6. Syncope 7. Confusion 8. Dry Mucous Membranes 9. Weight Loss 10. Oliguria 11. Flattened Neck Veins 12. Poor Skin Turgor 13. Increased Hct 14. Increased BUN 15. Increased Sodium 16. Increased Urine Specific Gravity - correct answer Hypovolemia What is the treatment for hypovolemia? - correct answer Hypotonic Solutions Why do we give a hypotonic solution for hypovolemia? - correct answer It replaces the the regular body volume. What are the three types of IV solutions? - correct answer Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic What are the different types of isotonic solutions? - correct answer 0.9 Normal Saline (NS) Lactated Ringers (LR) D5W What are the different types of hypotonic solutions? - correct answer 0.45 Normal Saline (NS) What are the different types of hypertonic solutions? - correct answer 3% Normal Saline (NS) 5-25% Mannitol In what situations would you give a hypertonic solution? - correct answer 1. Cerebral edema 2. Low sodium What is the treatment for a patient that was diagnosed with fluid volume deficit due to vomiting and/or diarrhea? - correct answer Give a medication to treat the underlying cause and give plenty of fluids What are the causes for fluid volume excess? - correct answer 1. Diminished homeostatic mechanism 2. Fluid Overload 3. Heart Failure 4. Kidney Injury 5. Cirrhosis of the Liver 6. Excessive Table salt consumption 7. Excessive administration of sodium containing fluids What is the signs and symptoms of fluid volume excess? - correct answer 1. Edema 2. Weight Gain 3. Tachycardia 4. Bounding Pulse 5. Hypertension 6. Distended Neck Vein 7.Crackles 8. Decreased BUN 9. Decreased Hct 10. Decreased Sodium 11. Ascites A patient came into the ER he states that he has the below symptoms. What will the physician diagnose him with? 1. Edema 2. Weight Gain 3. Tachycardia 4. Bounding Pulse 5. Hypertension 6. Distended Neck Vein 7.Crackles 8. Decreased BUN