PA Emissions Inspector Certification Study Guide Questions With Expert Solutions

PA Emissions Inspector Certification Study Guide Questions With Expert Solutions Station Hotline - (888) 265-5909 Customer Hotline - (800) 265-0921 Sticker Department - (717) 705-2182 An emissions inspector must meet what requirements? - Be at least 18 years of age Have a valid driver's license To deliver emissions waivers you must become a(n)... - emissions Certified Repair Technician (CRT) To become a CRT you must... - Have a valid driver's license What is the Northern-Emission Inspectors Certification program? - Limited to performing the visual antitampering check and gas-cap test. Upon successful completion of the N-EIC program you will receive.. - An emissions inspection ID card from PennDOT that allows you to perform inspections on vehicles registered in the Northern Region counties only. Air pollution - Contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquids or solid wastes or byproducts. Emitted from natural or human-made sources. Most of the world's air pollution problems are... - Human-made Major Pollutants - Hydrocarbons (HCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). (released from fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel) Hydrocarbons - Unburned fuel of any class of organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen Carbon Monoxide - Colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas. Created when an engine burns HV in the presence of O2. Oxygen - Too much or too little can cause improper combustion and result in pollution Ozone (Smog) - Not emitted directly into the air, it is created at ground level by a chemical reaction between NOx and HC in the presence of sunlight . Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) - Excessive amounts can be caused by a lean air-fuel mixture, a defective exhaust gas recirculation valve, higher than normal engine temperatures, vacuum leaks, and advanced ignition timing. Five Gas Theory - The relationship between HC, CO, O2, CO2, and NOx are the same in all gasoline engines. Stoichiometric Ratio - For all engines, a mixture of approx. 14.7 parts of air to every onepart of fuel produces the most efficient use of fuel and the lowest emissions. Why would hydrocarbon be higher than the stoichiometric ratio? - The mixture is very rich or very lean. Normal combustion is 15:1 air/fuel ratio. What happens when there is not enough O2 in an engine? - It runs rich, meaning combustion forms more CO and less CO2. What does it mean if Hc is high and CO is extremely low? - The engine is either very lean or there's a misfire. What does it mean if CO is very high? - The engine is definitely rich, getting too much fuel or not enough air. Why is oxygen the best lean indicator? - The levels change during lean mixtures. Why is oxygen (O2) not a reliable rich indicator? - It is low whenever the mixture is rich. Rich mixtures burn all available O2. When did PA implement itd first emissions I/M program? - 1984 In 1990 Congress set the requirements for an enhanced program in the Clean Air Act Amendments which aimed to do what? - Lower harmful emissions and increase accountability at the state level. What was the 1992 EPA mandate in accordance with the Clean Air Act? - PA required a vehicle emissions I/M program be implemented to increase air quality and decrease pollution. In 1997 PennDOT implemented an enhanced decentralized vehicle emissions inspection program that featured what? - Tailpipe testing of vehicle exhaust emissions Our goal? - Clean air, PA emissions inspection program is part of the state's plan to clean the air and keep it clean in the future. Subject Vehicles - Vehicles of model year 1975 and newer, having a gross vehicle weight rating of 9,000 lbs or less.