Week 4: Mid-term Study guide NUR507-N

Pulmonary Review concepts related to  Anticholinergic drugs o Anticholinergic agents – block acetylcholine binding  Primarily in lung bronchodilation through ( Decreased parasympathetic response)  Tiotropium, ipratropium  Asthma  Is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness, constriction of the airways, and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible o chronic disease characterized by  airway inflammation  bronchial hyperreactivity and smooth muscle spasm  intermittent, reversible airflow obstruction o caused by  complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors o resulting in  excess mucus production and accumulation  hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle  airflow obstruction o asthma can take two forms  extrinsic asthma  triggered by a chronic allergic reaction o (mold, pollen, dust mites, pet dander)  Elevated IgE level is diagnostic  More common especially in children (males: females = 2:1)  Intrinsic asthma  Triggered by a variety of non-allergic factors o (chemicals, airborne irritants, infections- viral, exercise, stress, anxiety, GERD, obesity) o No initial elevation in IgE level o Typically seen in adults (40yrs) – slightly more common in females o Most common symptoms of extrinsic and intrinsic asthma  Coughing, wheezing, SOB  Rapid breathing, chest tightness o Treatment  Immediate administration of oxygen and inhaled beta-agonist bronchodilators  Inhaled corticosteroids should be administered early in the course of management. Week 4: Mid-term Study guide NUR507-NP  Avoidance of allergens and irritants, control of symptoms and prevention of exacerbations  Severe asthma- long-acting beta agonists can be used to control persistent bronchospas