Module 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Stiffening of skeletal muscles after death - correct answer rigor mortis Unintentional decrease of core body temperature below 35*C (95*F) - correct answer accidental hypothermia A type of cellular housekeeping in which a cell digests some of its own components - correct answer autophagy Area of cell death in which dead cells disintegrate, but the debris is not digested completely by enzymes - correct answer caseous necrosis Area of cell death in which denatured proteins appear firm and opaque - correct answer coagulative necrosis An atom or group of atoms having an unpaired electron - correct answer free radical Purple discoloration of dependent tissues after death - correct answer livor mortis Cell death that involves orderly dismantling of cell components and packaging the remainders in vesicles - correct answer apoptosis Ex: Lining of the uterus thickens after ovulation because of increased amounts of estrogen; Liver regenerates after surgical removal of damaged portion - correct answer hyperplasia (increases tissue mass by increasing number of cells) Ex: Man who lifts weights regularly develops larger biceps; Captain of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter on left than right from skating clockwise - correct answer hypertrophy (increase tissue mass by keeping same number of cells and making each individual cell larger) Ex: Thymus gland decreases in size during childhood; Left calf is smaller than right calf when cast is removed from it - correct answer atrophy Ex: Columnar eputhelium in bronchi of cigarete smoker is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium - correct answer metaplasia Cell death by necrosis - - correct answer - causes inflammation. Cell death by apoptosis - - correct answer - does not cause inflammation. Dysplasia is also called - - correct answer - atypical hyperplasia. Release of calcium ions from intracellular stores into the cytoplasm during ischemia - - correct answer - damages the cell. Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals damage cells by - - correct answer - attacking their membranes. Postmortem changes - - correct answer - do not involve the inflammatory response. When oxygen fails to reach the blood - correct answer suffocation When neck pressure collapses blood vessels, stopping blood flow to the brain - correct answer strangulation Scrape in which superficial skin layers have been removed - correct answer abrasion A jagged or irregular tearing of tissues - correct answer laceration Calcification that occurs in dying or dead tissues - correct answer dystrophic calcification Calcification that occurs in normal tissues when plasma calcium concentration is too high - correct answer metastatic calcification Gunshot wound, bullet remains in body - correct answer penetrating gunshot wound Gunshot wound, bullet has exited the body - correct answer perforating gunshot wound Active enzymes that dismantle the cellular components during apoptosis - correct answer caspases