Testbank Exam 6

A _____ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord. a) nucleus b) nerve c) tract d) ganglion - correct answer d _____ (or motor) impulses travel from the _____ to the _____ (muscles or glands). a) Efferent, effectors, central nervous system b) Efferent, central nervous system, effectors c) Afferent, central nervous system, effectors d) Afferent, effectors, central nervous system - correct answer b _____ (or sensory) impulses travel from the _____ to the _____. a) Efferent, central nervous system, receptors b) Efferent, receptors, central nervous system c) Afferent, receptors, central nervous system d) Afferent, central nervous system, receptors - correct answer c The peripheral nervous system includes: a) cranial nerves and their branches. b) spinal nerves and their branches. c) ganglia d) all of these choices - correct answer d Which of the following convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to skeletal muscles only? a) sympathetic motor neurons b) parasympathetic motor neurons c) somatic motor neurons d) afferent motor neurons - correct answer c A main difference between neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (glia) is: a) neuroglia are found only in the central nervous system. b) mature neurons do not normally divide; neuroglia do. c) neurons are more numerous than neuroglia. d) neurons are generally smaller than neuroglia. - correct answer b Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding oligodendrocytes? a) They are smaller than astrocytes. b) They form myelin sheaths around central nervous system axons. c) They line the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain. d) They are not as numerous as astrocytes. - correct answer c The following are all functions of astrocytes EXCEPT: a) they help maintain the blood-brain barrier. b) they synthesize neurotransmitters. c) they participate in brain development. d) they help maintain proper K+ balance. - correct answer b A synapse is a functional junction between: a) two neurons. b) a neuron and a muscle cell. c) a neuron and a glandular cell. d) all of these choices - correct answer d The axon hillock is the part of a neuron that: a) passes nerve impulses directly to another cell. b) connects the axon to the neuron cell body. c) gives rise to axon collaterals. d) stores neurotransmitters in vesicles. - correct answer b Dendrites are processes of a neuron that: a) carry nerve impulses away from the neuron cell body. b) are usually myelinated. c) are usually longer than axons. d) none of these choices - correct answer d When compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons: 1. are electrically insulated 2. are gray in color 3. have a faster speed of nerve impulse conduction 4. are more numerous a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 1, 3, 4 only c) 2, 3, 4 only d) 1, 2, 4 only - correct answer b A nerve is a structure that may contain: 1. axons 2. blood vessels 3. neuron cell bodies 4. connective tissue 5. myelin 6. oligodendrocytes a) 1, 2, 4, 5 b) 1, 3, 5, 6 c) 1, 4, 5 only d) 2, 3, 4 - correct answer a White matter includes: a) ganglia b) a thin outer layer of most of the brain c) nuclei in the brain d) tracts in the spinal cord - correct answer d Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched? a) gray matter, myelinated axons of the peripheral nervous system b) white matter, neuron cell bodies in a ganglion c) gray matter, Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) in the peripheral nervous system d) white matter, tracts in the central nervous system - correct answer d At a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron, the axon would be part of a _____ neuron; the dendrite would be part of a _____ neuron. a) presynaptic, postsynaptic b) visceral, somatic c) postsynaptic, presynaptic d) somatic, visceral - correct answer a Diverging circuits allow for transmission of nerve impulses from _____ neuron(s) to _____ neuron(s). a) several, one b) one, several c) unipolar, multipolar d) multipolar, unipolar - correct answer b Regeneration of nerve fibers in the central nervous system is highly unlikely because: a) there are no neurolemmas (sheaths of Schwann). b) oligodendrocytes inhibit axon regeneration. c) astrocytes rapidly form a physical barrier of scar tissue. d) all of these choices - correct answer d In order to flex your fingers, which type of impulse will the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle need to receive? a) efferent (motor) b) afferent (sensory) c) visceral d) autonomic - correct answer a Accidentally stepping on a nail with the sole of your foot causes you quite a bit of discomfort. Which type of pathway is involved in relaying information about the nail to the central nervous system? a) efferent (motor) b) afferent (sensory) c) visceral d) autonomic - correct answer b Which structure of the neuron is included in the neuromuscular junction? a) the axon terminal b) the axon hillock c) the cell body (perikaryon) d) the dendrites - correct answer a Which structure of the neuron will contain the greatest number of neurotransmitter receptors? a) the Nissl bodies b) the axoplasm c) the synaptic vesicles d) the dendrites - correct answer d Which neuroglia would be most responsible for helping to prevent pathogens and toxins from entering the brain from the blood? a) Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) b) astrocytes c) oligodendrocytes d) ependymal cells - correct answer b Select the best description of dendrites: a) stored in synaptic vesicles b) accumulates as yellow-brown granules as the cell ages c) usually short and branched d) usually myelinated - correct answer c Select the best description of the ependymal cells: a) form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system b) help maintain the blood-brain barrier c) surround neurons in peripheral nervous system ganglia d) form lining of brain ventricles - correct answer d Select the best description of the oligodendrocytes: a) form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system b) help maintain the blood-brain barrier c) form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system d) surround neurons in peripheral nervous system ganglia - correct answer a Select the best description of axon terminals: a) stored in synaptic vesicles b) join axon to cell body c) fine processes at the ends of an axon d) side branches along the length of an axon - correct answer c Select the best description of astrocytes: a) form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system b) help maintain the blood-brain barrier c) form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system d) surround neurons in peripheral nervous system ganglia - correct answer b Which of the following neuroglia would be found in the peripheral nervous system? a) satellite cells b) astrocytes c) oligodendrocytes d) microglia - correct answer a Select the best description of the microglia: a) help maintain the blood-brain barrier b) phagocytes of the central nervous system c) pha