Abnormal child psychology

Abnormal child psychology ____ a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social behavior, language and communication skills, and unusual behaviors and interests - Autism Spectrum Disorder ____ coined the term "early infantile autism" to describe young children with autistic symptoms - Kanner (1943) ____ defined a milder form of autism, asperger's disorder - asperger (1944) There are three factors that contribute to the spectrum nature of autism, these are. ______,_______,_______ - Intelligence, language, and behavior About ___ of autistic children with autism have co-ocurring intellectual impairment. - 70% There is a view that children with ASD haven an underlying impairment in _____ motivation. - social About ___ of children with ASD have a coexisting medical condition -motor and sensory impairments, seizures, immunological and metabolic abnormalities - 10% the two most common accompanying disorders are intellectual disability and ______. - epilepsy ASD is most often identified by parents in the months preceding the child's ____ birthday - second symptoms of ASD may worsen in ____ - adolescence complex obsessive-compulsive rituals may develop in ___ adolescence and adulthood. - late It is now generally accepted that autism is a biologically based ____ disorder with multiple causes - neurodevelopmental children with ASD display deficit in ____ which is the ability to understand other people's and one's own mental states, including beliefs, intentions, feelings, and desires - theory of mind (ToM) A general cognitive deficit hypothesized to underlie ASD is a weak drive for ____, which refers to the strong tendency of humans to iterpret stimuli in a relatively global way that takes the broader context into account - central coherence _____ is a measure of interpersonal signs of attentional and thought disturbance - communication deviance ____ is a step by step approach to presenting a stimulus and requiring a specific response - discrete trial training strengthening behavior by capitalizing on naturally occurring opportunities is referred to as ____ - incidental training ____ is a step by step approach that first increases the child's vocalizations and then teaches imitation of sounds and words, the meaning of words, labeling objects, making verbal requests, and expressing desires. - operant speech training ___ meaningless repetition of another persons spoken words - Echolalia Many with ASD have trouble with ___, which is the shared focus of two individuals on an object - Joint attention protodeclarative gestures - gestures or vocalizations that direct the visual attention of other people to objects of shared interest (to make comments on the world) protoimperative gestures - gestures or vocalizations that are used to express needs pronoun reversal - A speech problem in which the child refers to himself or herself as "he," "she," or "you" and uses "I" or "me" in referring to others; often found in the speech of children with autistic disorder. preservation of sameness - an anxious and obsessive insistence on the maintenance of sameness in daily routines and activities, which no one but the child may disrupt restricted and repetitive behaviors - behaviors that are characterized by their high frequency, repetition in a fixed manner, and desire for sameness in the environment self-stimulatory behaviors - Repetitive body movements or movements of objects, such as hand flapping or spinning a pencil. A DSM-5 diagnosis of ASD will be based on ______ - one overarching category The use of protodeclarative gestures requires ______ - Implicit understanding and shared social attention ____ children with ASD do not develop any useful language - approximately half of children with ASD are most likely to use _____ - instrumental gestures The primary language deficit of children with ASD ( who develop language) is ____ - pragmatics special cognitive skills that are above average for the general populaion, as well as above the autistic child's own general level of intellect are reffered to as ____ - splinter skills The tendency to focus on certain types of sensory input over others is called sensory ______ - dominance A person lacking central coherence _____ - processes information in bits and pieces but fails to see the big picture If you were to administer the WISC to a child with ASD, which subscale would likely cause the child the most difficulty? - verbal comprehension subsets The cognitive deficit most specific to children with ASD is ____ - deficient theory of mind Children with ASD and language development are most likely to show deficits in ____ - spontaneous social conversation Recent findings estimate the prevalence of ASD worldwide to be ____ - one per 68 Which racial/ethnic group has the highest prevalence of ASD? - Non-Hispanic white The extreme male brain theory of ASD suggests that ____ - autistic brains are more "systemizing" ____ has been associated with ASD more than any other genetically based condition - tuberous scelrosis Family members of children with ASD display higher than normal rates of ____ - language deficits Studies of brain metabolism in individuals with ASD suggest decreased blood flow in these two lobes - Frontal and temporal Some studies have indicated the effectiveness of _____ in comparison to other treatments - ABA The most common comorbid disorders in children with schizophrenia are ____ - conduct disorders and depression Schizophrenia is extremely rare prior to _____ - adolescence