MIC 102 Unit 6-1 Exam Questions and Answers All Correct

MIC 102 Unit 6-1 Exam Questions and Answers All Correct Which two of the following are surface barriers that microorganisms must overcome to establish an infection? - Answer-skin mucous membranes Immunology is the study of . - Answer-immune responses to foreign substances and microbes The gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts are internal structures connected with the environment, and are lined with . - Answer-mucous membranes The outermost layer of human skin provides an effective barrier against microbial invasion, partly because the cells produce insoluble proteins called - Answer-Blank 1: scleroproteins or keratins The image is a scanning electron microscopic image of the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract that trap microbes than 10 μm. - Answer-larger Microorganisms typically must overcome several surface - Answer-Blank 1: barriers or physical barriers Which field focuses on the study of immune responses and how they protect the host? - Answer-immunology The outermost layer of human skin provides an effective barrier against microbial invasion, mainly due to the presence of thick, closely packed cells called . - Answer-keratinocytes Select the three areas of the human body that are covered by mucous membranes that act as barriers to infection from foreign pathogens. - Answer-genitourinary tract gastrointestinal tract respiratory tract What is the usual fate of microbes greater than 10 μm in diameter upon entering the nasal cavity? - Answer-They are trapped by hairs/cilia lining the nasal cavity, then transported towards the mouth to be expelled. Microbes enter the stomach by . - Answer-their presence in the food we consume Which two of the following are innate immune mechanisms present in the urinary tract? - Answer-urea and other waste products kill some bacteria flushing action of urine Most microorganisms that enter the stomach . - Answer-are killed by acidic gastric juice The enzyme that lyses bacteria by hydrolyzing the bond connecting subunits of the cell wall peptidoglycan is - Answer-Blank 1: lysozyme or muramidase Which component of innate immunity is considered to be the most evolutionarily ancient? - Answer-antimicrobial peptides Select the three main functions of the human complement system. - Answer-promote phagocytosis penetrate cell membranes recruit white blood cells True or false: The kidney, ureters, and urinary bladder are normally sterile (i.e., free of culturable microorganisms). - Answer-True The term opsonization refers to . - Answer-coating a microbe with proteins to promote phagocytosis Lysozyme lyses bacteria by hydrolyzing the bond connecting subunits of the cell wall polymer - Answer-Blank 1: peptidoglycan, PG, or murein Which two of the following describe antimicrobial peptides? - Answer-often positively charged have hydrophobic and hydrophilic components Recruiting white blood cells, penetrating microbial cell membranes, and promoting phagocytosis are all functions of the system of innate immunity. - Answer- complement Proteins that coat a microbe to tag it for phagocytosis are called . - Answer- opsonins Coating microorganisms with complement proteins or antibodies to enhance their phagocytosis is called - Answer-Blank 1: opsonization A microbe is opsonized when it . - Answer-bound by antibodies or complement proteins There are three different pathways of complement activation: the classical pathway, the - Answer-Blank 1: alternative Blank 2: lectin