CWRU NTRN 201 Exam 1 Study Guide questions and answers graded A+

Appetite - our primarily psychological EXTERNAL drive to eat Adequate Intake (AI) - A recommended intake value based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) og healthy people that is assumed to be adequate; used when an RDA cannot be determined. When set for a nutrient, aim for this intake. Bicarbonate - Neutralizes stomach acid when it reaches the small intestine. Produced in the pancreas and small intestine Bile - Aids fat digestion in the small intestine by suspending fat in water using bile acids, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Found in the liver (stored in the gallbladder) Daily Value (DV) - nutrient standard used on the Nutrition Facts portion of the food label desirable nutrition - The nutritional state for a particular nutrient is desirable when body tissues have enough of the nutrient to support normal metabolic functions and surplus stores that can be used in times of increased need. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) - Term used to encompass nutrient recommendations made by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine. These include RDAs, AIs, EERs, and ULs. energy density - a measurement that best describes the calorie content of a food. Is determined by comparing the calorie (kcal) content with the weight of food. essential nutrient - Has a biological function Omission results in decline of function Replenishing restores biological functiongastric juice - contains water, hydrochloric acid and enzymes. The acid destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests food protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed. GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - Disease that results from stomach acid backing up into the esophagus. The acid irritates the lining of the esophagus, causing pain. Hunger - is primarily our physical, biological drive to eat and is controlled by INTERNAL body mechanisms.