IB SEHS Topic 2 Study Guide Verified Solutions

IB SEHS Topic 2 Study Guide Verified Solutions List the pathway of blood in your heart ️1) Superior vena cava 2) Inferior Vena cava 3) Right atrium 4) Tricuspid valve 5) right ventricle 6) pulmonary artery 7) lung cappilaries 8) pulmonary vein 9) left atrium 10) mitral valve 11) left ventricle 12) aorta Describe what happens when you inhale: ️ribs push outward and diaphragm downward to make the chest cavity larger so the lungs can inflate; the pressure around the lungs decreases; air flows into the lungs Describe what happens when you exhale: ️ribs push inward and diaphragm upward to make the chest cavity smaller so the lungs can deflate; the pressure around the lungs increases; air flows out of the lungs list the pathway of air through the respiratory system: ️- Nasal/Oral Cavity - Pharynx - Larynx - Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchiole - Alveoli why does the respiratory rate increase during exercise? ️exercise increases heart rate = increases cellular respiration = more Oxygen = more energy (ATP) = more carbon dioxide must be released what are the 3 components of blood? ️- blood cells (white leucocytes and red erythrocytes), platelets, and plasma discuss the role of plateletes ️- help create scabs - assist in repair following injury list the synonym for white blood cells & their function ️leucocytes, which are involved in immune function and protecting the body from infection list the synonym for red blood cells & their function ️erythrocytes, which are involved in transporting oxygen throughout the body what is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the muscles for cellular respiration to occur to make energy? ️hemoglobin (iron-rich pigment) discuss the relationship between hemoglobin concentration, EPO, and performance ️If EPO is manipulated = more red blood cell production = increase of concentration of hemoglobin = more oxygen transportation = improvement in aerobic exercise performance compare an contrast arteries, veins, an cappilaries ️arteries - large in diameter - thick, muscular walls - more pressure - move blood AWAY from heart - fibrous veins - bring deoxygenated blood BACK o heart - flexible - low pressure - less muscular and fibrous than arteries cappilaries - aid in gas exchange (diffusion) - thinnest - narrow vessels with thin walls ALL: -types of blood vessels what type of muscle is the heart made up of? ️cardiac compare and contrast pulmonary and systemic circulation ️pulmonary: (pulmo = lungs) systemic: (system = tissues of body, ie muscles) list the chamber in the heart ️- L & R atrium - L & R ventricle what is the purpose of valves? ️- ensure that system operates in one direction - enables heat contractions to increase pressure in chambers to eject blood what type of contraction does the heart use (hint: it contracts by itself) ️myogenic define pacemaker and give a synonym ️- a specialist group of cells that initiate sequential contractions of the chambers - aka sinoatrial node compare and contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems ️- both types of autonomic (involuntary) nervous systems when exercise begins: - parasympathetic nervous system is reduced (keeps heart rate low) - sympathetic nervous system increases (keeps heart rate high; used in fight or flight (stressful) situations) what does AV stand for ans what is its function? ️Atrioventricular Node, which is the secondary pacemaker - the Primary (Sinoatrial Node) Pacemaker sends a signal to this to create a contraction compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic regulation ️- both types of regulation - intrinsic: regulation contained in heart - extrinsic: anything outside of the heart that may affect Heart Rate (nervous and hormonal mechanisms) define homeostasis ️maintaining a stable, internal environment differentiate between positive and negative feedback and give an example of both ️positive - keeps going; continuous (initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces that stimulus) ex: milk production - as long as he baby is nursing, mil will be produced by the mother UNTIL the baby is done negative - used to bring something back to normal; then stops (a corrective mechanism that opposes or reverses a variation for normal limits and restores homeostasis) ex: metabolism - when a human is hungry, metabolism slows down to conserve energy and allow the human to continue living with less food define pulmonary ventilation ️process of breathing in an out through the lungs define total lung capacity ️volume of air in the lungs after a maximum inhalation define vital capacity ️Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum i