General Standards Test Complete Solutions

General Standards Test Complete Solutions What is the goal of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM)? ️to optimize, not maximize pest control. What is the key to successful IPM? ️Scouting What is NOT the goal of IPM? ️Elimination of all pests What is ECONOMIC THRESHOLD? ️the amount of pests or damage at which control should be used to prevent reaching economic injury level What is ECONOMIC INJURY LEVEL? ️is the breakeven point at which cost of pest control is equal to revenue lost caused by pest what is an example of CULTURAL CONTROL? ️to have dense, vigorous stand of turf grass that has been properly fertilized and mowed and is the best defense against weeds What type of pest does BTI control? ️caterpillar pests What are the four reasons pesticides may fail to control a pest? ️Applying the wrong pesticide Applying the pesticide when pest is not at susceptible stage Failing to apply the pesticide to where pest is located Applying pesticide to a resistant pest population What are some beneficial pests? ️dragonflies, praying mantis, lacewings, lady beetles, and pararasitic wasps Noninfectious diseases ️are generally the result of unfavorable conditions such as temp or moisture extremes. They CANNOT spread from one plant to another, and cannot be controlled by pesticides Who are not protected under federal law? ️starlings, feral (wild) pigeons, and house sparrows What are the four elements necessary for the development of Infectious Plant Diseases? ️Susceptible host Plant pathogen Favorable Environment Time When are plants easiest to control? ️As seedlings Disiccant target pests ️are plants to be dehydrated Active Ingediant ️is the part of the formulation that is effective against the target pest Brand B 4EC ️means the product is an emulsifiable concentrate product that contains 4 lbs of active ingrediant per gallon Microencapsulated (ME) insecticides ️use special caution near beehives. Honeybees may carry along with pollen back to hive, where the released pesticide may poison entire beehive Tank Mix Order ️**1/2 carrier + agitation** Wettable powders, DryFlowables, Water Dispersable Granules Emulsifiable concentrates Solutions, solution powder Penetrant and surfactants finally balance of carrier Fumigant ️may start out as solid/liquid but turn to vapor/gas when applied Penetrant ️are used specifically to increase spray concentration into the leaf Drift reduction additives ️are added to increase droplet size and reduce drift Surfactants (also called spreaders or wetting agents) ️are "surface-active agents" that decrease the surface tension of water, allowing the water carrier to spread over the surface rather than forming droplets Calendar spraying or overuse of broad spectrum ️may also kill natural predators and parasites of that pest Systemic or translocated pesticides ️move within the plant or animal from the site of uptake to other parts of the plant or animal The label ️is a legal document, if you do not follow you could be subject to civil or criminal penalties Every pesticide ️is assigned a use classification by the USEPA, also classified as general or restricted use The signal word (DANGER/WARNING/CAUTION) ️in large letters will appear along with KEEP OUT THE REACH OF CHILDREN on each pesticide label DANGER/POSION ️high toxicity WARNING ️moderate toxicity CAUTION ️low/slight toxicity Restricted use pesticide ️can only be used by and sold to a certified applicator or anyone under their