NUR 103 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers An 80 -year-old patient has nausea and vomiting related to a gastrointestinal disorder. Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate? A. Offer sips of clear soda every 15 minutes until more is tolerated. B. Encourage the patient to lie in a prone position while nauseated. C. Encourage the intake of high -calorie foods such as milkshakes. D. Keep the patient on a nothing -by-mouth (NPO) order until the nausea subsides. ✔✔ - A. Offer sips o f clear soda every 15 minutes until more is tolerated Nursing interventions for nausea and vomiting include many self -help measures, including drinking clear liquids, progressing from eating bland foods to solid foods, and small frequent feedings. If vomi ting occurs, fluid replacement should be a priority. Sips of fluids every 15 minutes until more can be tolerated may decrease episodes of dehydration. The position of the patient is unimportant. The patient should avoid nonclear liquids such as milkshakes. If the patient cannot keep even sips down, he or she may be prescribed NPO status. When preparing to discharge an older patient with mild dysphagia, the nurse suggests that the patient can minimize symptoms by doing which of the following? A. Eating small meals every 2 to 3 hours B. Cutting a sandwich into bite -sized pieces C. Eating less but choosing nutrient -dense foods D. Drinking thin liquids instead of eating solids ✔✔ - A. Eating small meals every 2 to 3 hours Instruction regarding e ating habits and maintaining weight and nutrition is important. For example, small, frequent meals, pureed or soft foods, and high -protein, high -calorie foods are helpful. Thin liquids are often harder to swallow than thickened ones. Nutrient -
dense foods a re important, but so is maintaining calorie requirements. An older patient is being taught about oral gingivitis. The nurse has included instruction about maintaining an oral hygiene program, signs and symptoms of oral infection, and the importance of mai ntaining regular professional dental care. What other important teaching topic should be included? A. Information about when to have teeth removed and dentures made B. The necessity of using a hard -bristled toothbrush to maintain cleanliness C. The import ance of avoiding meat and caffeine -containing products D. The importance of adequate nutrition for maintaining oral health ✔✔ - D. The importance of adequate nutrition for maintaining oral health Nursing management of an older patient with gingivitis or periodontitis includes promotion of regular oral hygiene, regular preventive dental care, and maintenance of nutritional status. In addition, instructing the patient on the signs and symptoms of oral infections is also an important component of patient edu cation. The other topics are not warranted. The nurse is planning to teach an older patient about diverticulitis. What topic does the nurse include? A. Dietary fiber and fluids will reduce the symptoms. B. It is unusual to see diverticula in older persons . C. Abdominal cramping and severe diarrhea should be reported. D. Diverticulosis rarely reoccurs once it has been treated. ✔✔ - A. Dietary fiber and fluids will reduce the symptoms Teaching should include the need to eat high -fiber foods and the importa nce of achieving and maintaining adequate fluid status. Patients should be encouraged to consume up to 2,000 mL of fluids each day, unless contraindicated by cardiac status. Older people have diverticulitis commonly. Abdominal cramping and diarrhea are expected findings. Diverticulitis usually reoccurs. An older adult reports chronic constipation. When asked why this problem has gotten worse with age, what response by the nurse is best? A. "As we age, our bodies require more fiber to bring about healthy bo wel function." B. "We need to discuss the proper use of laxatives to minimize constipation." C. "You might have lost the ability to feel when you need to move your bowels." D. "Aging brings about decreased gastric motility that often results in constipation." ✔
✔ - A. "As we age, our bodies require more fiber to bring about healthy bowel function." The most widespread cause of constipation in older adults is diet. Diets need to be high in fiber and include plenty of water unless contraindicated by another condition. Some changes in nerve function and gastric motility are also possible causes, but the major cause is diet. Laxatives should only be used as a last resort. An old er adult patient reports episodes of fecal incontinence. What response by the nurse provides appropriate emotional support? A. "This is a common problem that occurs in response to normal aging." B. "The incontinence is rarely a result of a serious problem ." C. "Disposable absorbent underwear will help manage the problem." D. "The problem generally responds well to bowel control programs." ✔✔ - D. "The problem generally responds well to bowel control programs." It is important to reassure older patients t hat control and retraining are achievable because many older adults are distressed about its occurrence. The nurse should first focus on reassuring the patient and providing education on bowel retraining. Disposable garments may be used temporarily or long term if the patient cannot complete bowel retraining. It is not a normal response to aging. An older adult had gastric resection surgery and now is experiencing dizziness, nausea, and diaphoresis after meals. What instruction by the nurse caring is best? A. Stop smoking and drinking alcohol. B. Avoid caffeinated beverages. C.Eat three low -carbohydrate meals daily. D. Drink fluids only between meals. ✔✔ - D. Drink fluids only between meals. This patient has dumping syndrome. The institution of small, fr equent meals that are low in carbohydrates will diminish the incidence of these symptoms. Resting after eating and drinking fluids between (rather than during) meals will also help alleviate these symptoms. Smoking and caffeine are not related, and eating only three meals a day is not warranted. A 68-year-old patient is reporting a gnawing epigastric pain. What question by the nurse would elicit the most useful information? A. "Does the pain get worse when you eat fatty food?" B. "Do you have a family his tory of peptic ulcers?" C. "Do you smoke either cigars or cigarettes?" D. "Do you take a lot of acetaminophen for minor pain?" ✔✔ - B. "Do you have a family history of peptic ulcers?" Both genetic and environmental factors have been proposed as the cause of peptic ulcers because both gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers tend to occur in families. At present, no direct evidence exists that indicates dietary or occupational factors as cause s of ulcer disease. Acetaminophen and smoking generally do not cause peptic ulcers. An older patient has been admitted with severe nausea and vomiting. What assessment takes priority? A. Respiratory system B. Urine output C. Blood pressure and pulse D. Skin integrity ✔✔ - C. Blood Pressure All assessments are appropriate; however, the concern in this older patient is dehydration, so assessment of cardiovascular status comes first. Urine output reflects cardiac output but it does not reflect as up -to-date information as do vital signs. Respiratory system and skin integrity are lower priorities for this patient.
dense foods a re important, but so is maintaining calorie requirements. An older patient is being taught about oral gingivitis. The nurse has included instruction about maintaining an oral hygiene program, signs and symptoms of oral infection, and the importance of mai ntaining regular professional dental care. What other important teaching topic should be included? A. Information about when to have teeth removed and dentures made B. The necessity of using a hard -bristled toothbrush to maintain cleanliness C. The import ance of avoiding meat and caffeine -containing products D. The importance of adequate nutrition for maintaining oral health ✔✔ - D. The importance of adequate nutrition for maintaining oral health Nursing management of an older patient with gingivitis or periodontitis includes promotion of regular oral hygiene, regular preventive dental care, and maintenance of nutritional status. In addition, instructing the patient on the signs and symptoms of oral infections is also an important component of patient edu cation. The other topics are not warranted. The nurse is planning to teach an older patient about diverticulitis. What topic does the nurse include? A. Dietary fiber and fluids will reduce the symptoms. B. It is unusual to see diverticula in older persons . C. Abdominal cramping and severe diarrhea should be reported. D. Diverticulosis rarely reoccurs once it has been treated. ✔✔ - A. Dietary fiber and fluids will reduce the symptoms Teaching should include the need to eat high -fiber foods and the importa nce of achieving and maintaining adequate fluid status. Patients should be encouraged to consume up to 2,000 mL of fluids each day, unless contraindicated by cardiac status. Older people have diverticulitis commonly. Abdominal cramping and diarrhea are expected findings. Diverticulitis usually reoccurs. An older adult reports chronic constipation. When asked why this problem has gotten worse with age, what response by the nurse is best? A. "As we age, our bodies require more fiber to bring about healthy bo wel function." B. "We need to discuss the proper use of laxatives to minimize constipation." C. "You might have lost the ability to feel when you need to move your bowels." D. "Aging brings about decreased gastric motility that often results in constipation." ✔
✔ - A. "As we age, our bodies require more fiber to bring about healthy bowel function." The most widespread cause of constipation in older adults is diet. Diets need to be high in fiber and include plenty of water unless contraindicated by another condition. Some changes in nerve function and gastric motility are also possible causes, but the major cause is diet. Laxatives should only be used as a last resort. An old er adult patient reports episodes of fecal incontinence. What response by the nurse provides appropriate emotional support? A. "This is a common problem that occurs in response to normal aging." B. "The incontinence is rarely a result of a serious problem ." C. "Disposable absorbent underwear will help manage the problem." D. "The problem generally responds well to bowel control programs." ✔✔ - D. "The problem generally responds well to bowel control programs." It is important to reassure older patients t hat control and retraining are achievable because many older adults are distressed about its occurrence. The nurse should first focus on reassuring the patient and providing education on bowel retraining. Disposable garments may be used temporarily or long term if the patient cannot complete bowel retraining. It is not a normal response to aging. An older adult had gastric resection surgery and now is experiencing dizziness, nausea, and diaphoresis after meals. What instruction by the nurse caring is best? A. Stop smoking and drinking alcohol. B. Avoid caffeinated beverages. C.Eat three low -carbohydrate meals daily. D. Drink fluids only between meals. ✔✔ - D. Drink fluids only between meals. This patient has dumping syndrome. The institution of small, fr equent meals that are low in carbohydrates will diminish the incidence of these symptoms. Resting after eating and drinking fluids between (rather than during) meals will also help alleviate these symptoms. Smoking and caffeine are not related, and eating only three meals a day is not warranted. A 68-year-old patient is reporting a gnawing epigastric pain. What question by the nurse would elicit the most useful information? A. "Does the pain get worse when you eat fatty food?" B. "Do you have a family his tory of peptic ulcers?" C. "Do you smoke either cigars or cigarettes?" D. "Do you take a lot of acetaminophen for minor pain?" ✔✔ - B. "Do you have a family history of peptic ulcers?" Both genetic and environmental factors have been proposed as the cause of peptic ulcers because both gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers tend to occur in families. At present, no direct evidence exists that indicates dietary or occupational factors as cause s of ulcer disease. Acetaminophen and smoking generally do not cause peptic ulcers. An older patient has been admitted with severe nausea and vomiting. What assessment takes priority? A. Respiratory system B. Urine output C. Blood pressure and pulse D. Skin integrity ✔✔ - C. Blood Pressure All assessments are appropriate; however, the concern in this older patient is dehydration, so assessment of cardiovascular status comes first. Urine output reflects cardiac output but it does not reflect as up -to-date information as do vital signs. Respiratory system and skin integrity are lower priorities for this patient.
