NLN-PAX Science Exam All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution

Cell - Answer-the smallest living unit and the basic unit of function and structure for all living things. Nucleus - Answer-contains the genetic information, or DNA, and controls the activities of the cell. Plasma (cell) membrane - Answer-separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding fluid (interstitial fluid) Semipermeable membrane - Answer-refers to the selective nature of the plasma membrane. It contains pores and channels that allow only particles of the right size or the right chemical nature to pass through. Interstitial fluide - Answer-contains substances such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, hormones, neurotransmitters, and salts. Cytoplasm - Answer-is the fluid matrix found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus that acts as scaffolding for the organelles. Organelles - Answer-(little organs) are specialized units in the cell that per form certain functions. Mitochondria - Answer-are the locations for cellular respiration, that is, the conversion of food to energy at the cellular level. The site of energy production and of most of its ATP. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - Answer-the chemical the cell uses to store and transfer energy within itself. Ribosomes - Answer-are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Answer-Ribosomes are attached. Serves as a means for transport within the cell and is made up of many channels. Rough endoplasmic reticulum named for the fact that it has ribosomes on its surface, serves to store and deliver the proteins made by the attached ribosomes.Smooth ER is free of ribosomes it performs varying functions in different cells, including the storage of enzymes and minerals and the folding of proteins, among other things. It is thought to be involved in the detoxification of chemicals and the metabolism of fats. Golgi complex - Answer-modifies and packages proteins destined for use in the cell or for export from the cell. Lysosomes - Answer-are sacs that contain strong digestive enzymes. These sacs are responsible for digesting cell structures that are no longer living or that are malfunctioning, and for digesting waste. Cell wall - Answer-Only plant cells have them. It is responsible for the protection of the cell, the maintenance of the shape, and water balance. Chloroplasts - Answer-contain chlorophyll, which is necessary for photosynthesis. Vacuoles - Answer-plant cells also often large ones. Which are compartments in the cytoplasm that act as places for secretion, excretion, and storage.