Pharmacology Module 2 study guide

Pharmacology Module 2 study guide Function of endorphins, enkephalins and dynorphins - correct answer-excitatory. inhibit pain pathways in CNS What is the blood brain barrier? - correct answer-Selective filter of tight junctions protecting CNS. Non polar lipid soluble can diffuse and polar and lipophobic can't How does the blood brain barrier effect pharmacokinetics? - correct answer-Based on if the drug can permeate bbb, affects capacity of body to allow drug to enter the braine What neurotransmitters are excitatory - correct answer-ACH, glutamate and aspartate, substance P and enkephalins What neurotransmitters are inhibitory - correct answer-Norepenephrine, dopamine, seratonin, GABA, glycine function of ACH - correct answer-excitatory in cognition and memory in cerebral cortex Function of Dopamine - correct answer- inhibitory motor control in basal ganglia and limbic system Function of norepenephrine - correct answer-inhibitory influence of inhibitory neurons in the brain causing excitation Function of serotonin - correct answer- strong inhibitor. Mediates inhibition of painful stimuli, mood/behavior and depression Function of glycine and GABA - correct answer-inhibitory neurotrasmitters in interneurons Function of aspartate and glutamate - correct answer-Excitation in CNS interneurons Function of substance P - correct answer- excitatory, transmits pain impulses. pain pathways in brain and sc Function of endorphins, enkephalins and dynorphins - correct answer-excitatory. inhibit pain pathways in CNS What are the main characteristics of benzodiazepines - correct answer- Benzodiazepines are used for anxiety and to promote sleep. Decreased chance of lethal overdose. Day after effects. Increase inhibitory effects at CNS synapses that use GABA. names end in am What are the barbiturates - correct answer- CNS depressants. small TI. Addictive. Inhibitory effects of GABA. High doses depress neuronal excitability in other areas of brain and sc. names end in tal Describe the pharmacokinetics of sedative- hypnotics and anti-anxiety drugs - correct answer-administered orally. lipid soluble can be absorbed in GI tract and cross BBB. metabolized by liver and excreted by kidney What are the most common side effects of sedative-hypnotic drugs? - correct answer- drowsiness and decreased motor performance next day. anterograde amnesia. sleepwalking, sleep driving, eating food while u sleep How are benzodiazepines utilized in patients with anxiety? - correct answer-are used to decrease tension and nervousness without producing excessive sedation What are some special considerations for PT for patients who may be taking sedative- hypnotics and/or anti-anxiety drugs? - correct answer-they may experience sedation, psychomotor impairment, addiction/abuse, rebound anxiety and other side effects What is the definition of affective disorders? - correct answer-Disorders characterized by a marked disturbance in the patient's mood including depression and bipolar disorder. Describe the different theories related to the pathophysiology of depression. - correct answer-depressed mood results from decreased synaptic connections in the hippocampus List the 4 most common drug categories used to treat depression. - correct answer- SSRI(seratonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), SNRI(seratonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), tricyclics, and monoamine oxidase What is the proposed mechanism in how SSRIs treat depression? - correct answer- Block reuptake of serotonin into presynaptic terminal. Allows released serotonin to stay in synaptic cleft and release it's effect for a longer period of time. end in ine What is the proposed mechanism in how SNRIs treat depression? - correct answer- decrease seratonin and Norepenephrine uptake without effect of dopamine synanpes. edn in ine How do tricyclics treat depression? - correct answer-block reuptake of amine neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminal. end in ine Why might MAO inhibitors be prescribed for patients with depression? - correct answer- removes amine neurotransmitter at enzyme synapse, allowing for more neurotransmitters to remain in the cleft and exhibit their effect List some of the most common side effects for patients taking antidepressants. - correct answer-SSRI.SSNRI- GI symptoms and seratonin syndrome Tricyclic- Sedation confusion and delirium MAO inhibitors- restlessness, irritability, sleep loss, bp increase, certain foods can cause HTN crisis Define and differentiate between the symptoms of mild vs mod-severe lithium toxicity - correct answer-Mild: hand tremors, fatigue, blurred vision, slurred speech, nausea, ECG changes, polyuria and polydipsia. Mod-severe: ataxia, fasciculations, nystagmus stupor, seizures, coma, vomiting and diarrhea, syncope, bradycardia, renal insufficiency and permanent kidney damage List special considerations for PTs to be aware of for patients taking antidepressants and/or lithium. - c