FULL REVIEW CRT/RRT (NBRC) questions with correct answers|100% verified|61 pages

FULL REVIEW CRT/RRT (NBRC) questions with correct answers Ascites Answer accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE Venous distention Answer -occurs with CHF -seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase) Capillary refill Answer -indication of peripheral circulation -Normal 3 seconds Jaundice skin color Answer -increase in bilirubin. -mostly in face and trunk Bradypnea (oligopnea) Answer -decreased respiratory rate (12bpm) variable depth and irregular rhythm Hyperpnea Answer -increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm Cheyne-Stokes Answer -gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs -increased ICP, meningitis, overdose Biots Answer -increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea -CNS problem, head/brain injury Kussmaul's Answer -increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored -Raspy voice Apneustic Answer prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient expiration -respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor cachectic Answer muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone retractions Answer -chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward -blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE -RDS in infants Character of cough Answer -dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs or asthma -productive cough may indicate infection evidence of difficult airway Answer -short receding mandible (chin) -enlarged tongue (macroglossia) -bull neck -limited neck range-of-motion pulsus paradoxus Answer -pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade) tactile fremitus Answer -vibrations felt by hand on chest wall -vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall -pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces -Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways Crepitus Answer -bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates subcutaneous emphysema Resonant percussion Answer -hollow sound -normal lungs Flat percussion Answer -heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis Dull percussion Answer -heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding) -pleural effusion or pneumonia Tympanic percussion Answer -heard over air-filled stomach. -drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume Hyperresonant Answer -found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present. -booming sound vesicular breath sounds Answer normal sounds in lungs bronchial breath sounds Answer -normal sounds over airways. -breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION Egophony Answer -patient instructed to say E and sounds like A. -lung consolidation Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy Answer -increased intensity or transmission of the spoken voice and indicate CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA -increase in spoken voice = consolidation -decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema Rales Answer -crackles -secretions/fluid Coarse rales Answer -rhonchi -LARGE airway secretions -needs suctioning