Psychometrics Chapter 1 (100% Solved)

measurement correct answers at the heart of any research process in psychology, education, or any other behavioural science; crucial to the study of differences; purpose of measurement in psychology is to identify and quantify the psychological differences that exist between people over time or across conditions; if something is not measured, or it is not measured well, then it cannot be studied with scientific validity; meaningful + accurate interpretation of research findings = critical evaluations of measurements collected; consequences of psychological measurement affect almost everyone, either directly or indirectly; often involves making inferences about unobservable events, things, and processes based on observable events instruments correct answers used to measure observable events in the physical world (e.g. length = tape measure); used to measure properties of the physical world that aren't directly observable (e.g. time = clock, voltmeters = change in voltage); psychologists and educators use psychological tests as instruments to measure observable events in the physical world (e.g. behaviour) behavioural scientists correct answers can use behaviour as a way of assessing unobservable psychological attributes, such as intelligence, depression, knowledge, ability, etc. observable behaviours correct answers measured to represent an unobservable psychological attribute, state, or process; interpret measurements in terms of the unobservable psychological characteristics; conclusions drawn from the use of observable behaviour to measure unobservable psychological characteristics requires the inference that the observable behaviour (e.g. recalling digit strings) is systematically related to the unobservable mental attribute (e.g. working memory); for the interpretation of the observable behaviour scores to be considered valid, the behaviour task must be theoretically linked to the unobservable psychological characteristic psychological tests correct answers "a systematic procedure for comparing the behaviour of 2 or more people"; often developed to sample behaviour psychologists believe reflects the underlying psychological attribute, and behavioural samples must be collected in a systematic way; measure observable events in the physical world; conclusions drawn from the use of observable behaviour to measure unobservable psychological characteristics requires the inference that the observable behaviour (e.g. recalling digit strings) is systematically related to the unobservable mental attribute (e.g. working memory); purpose is to compare the behaviours of 2+ people, or comparison of the same people at different points in time inference correct answers observable behaviour (e.g. recalling digit strings) is systematically related to the unobservable mental attribute (e.g. working memory); if the inference is reasonable, then our interpretation of the behaviour has a degree of validity; for the interpretation of the observable behaviour scores to be considered valid, the behaviour task must be theoretically linked to the unobservable psychological characteristic