Med Surg II Test 5

Med Surg II Test 5 Where is sodium most abundant in the cell Extracellular fluid Where is potassium most abundant in the cell Intracellular What is Interstitial fluids Fluid between the cells and blood vessels (ex. Tissues) Increased production of this hormone causes sodium retention (and water retention, because where sodium goes water follows) and potassium loss (Ex. Corticosteroids) Aldosterone Phosphate and _______________ have a inverse relationship Calcium Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is synthesized where in the ventricles of the heart When BNP is elevated what could they be diagnosed with Congestive Heart Failure What type of symptoms will a patient have with Congestive Heart Failure JVD and crackles in the lungs BNP lab level Less than 100 Urine Specific Gravity lab level 1.010-1.030 If the urine specific gravity is less than 1.010 what are the characteristics of the urine Concentrated, dark amber colored, and odor If the urine specific gravity is more than 1.030 what are the characteristics of the urine Diluted BUN lab levels 8-25 Creatinine lab level 0.6-1.3 End product of muscle metabolism, better indicator of renal impairment than BUN, and shows us glomerular filtration Creatinine Hypovolemia fluid volume deficit where there is a low volume of extracellular fluid What is the first sign of Hypovolemia thirst Hypervolemia fluid volume excess, high water content in the intravascular compartment What are the signs and symptoms of Hypervolemia Crackles when auscultating and JVD What type of treatment will the patient receive that has Hypervolemia Sodium restriction and diuretics Third Spacing Translocation of fluid from the intravascular or intercellular space to tissue compartment What may a client with third spacing have hypoalbuminemia How is third spacing treated Eliminate trapped fluid by administering IV fluid at rapid rates (albumin) Albumin lab level 3.4-5 Hyponatremia serum level 135 meq, low sodium Symptoms of Hyponatremia Lethargy, confusion, muscle cramps, abdominal cramps, muscle twitching, and seizures If on lithium and adding salt to diet to treat Hyponatremia what can that cause toxicity Hypernatremia 145 meq, high sodium Symptoms of Hypernatremia Thirst, Dry, sticky mucous membranes, Decreased urinary output, Lethargy progresses to coma, Fever, Rough, dry tongue How does the body try to correct the increase of sodium (Hypernatremia) by water reabsorption Sodium lab level 135-145 Potassium lab level 3.5-5.1 What is Hypokalemia caused from we have a lot of Potassium in our stomach, therefore excessive GI losses from vomiting & gastric suction. Also, IV insulin and glucose. Symptoms of Hypokalemia Cardiac dysrhythmias (show U waves) How is Hypokalemia treated Oral or IV potassium replacement What does a bag of potassium have written on the solution bag D5NSc20meq If patient is on potassium what will a patient be put on Telemetry How many IV will the patient have when put on potassium 2 IV What type of Foods contain Potassium Fruits (raisins, bananas, apricots, oranges), Vegetables, Legumes, Whole grain, Milk, meat What causes Hyperkalemia Renal Failure (#1 Reason) and Burns (cell is bursting where the skin is burned) What can alter a potassium level