68W ALC LPC Exam 2024 with Verified Answers | Latest 2024/2025

68W ALC LPC Exam 2024 with Verified Answers. Is the study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes ✔️ pharmacology Is the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease ✔️ Medical pharmacology The reason or conditions for which a particular medication is given ✔️ Indication The amount of medication given at or within a specified period of time ✔️ Dose The largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period time (such as 24 hours) i.e max dose for Tylenol for an otherwise healthy adult is 3000mg ✔️ Maximum Dose administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve and maintain a desired, observable physiological effect ✔️ Titration a medical reason to NEVER give a medication ✔️ Absolute Contraindication a medical reason a med should not be given but may be acceptable in certain circumstances ✔️ Relative contraindication hypersensitivity response induced by exposure ✔️ Allergy an unintended but not surprising consequence of a medication (besides an allergy) ✔️ Side effect the desire change in physiology for administering the medication ✔️ Therapeutic effect the blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect ✔️ Therapeutic level the blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage ✔️ Toxic level When medication is at its highest concentration ✔️ Peak the lowest blood level of a medication between doses ✔️ Trough the time for the body to eliminate 1/2 of the dose of medication ✔️ Half-life a relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5 -6 half-lives of medication ✔️ Steady State the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect ✔️ Tolerance when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics or antivirals and it takes either higher doses of the same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms ✔️ Resistance the process of the body to break down and eliminate medications ✔️ Metabolism the recommended time period between doses of a medication ✔️ Dosing interval the time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins ✔️ Onset the time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off ✔️ Duration of Effect the length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired effect is maintained ✔️ Duration of Therapy All of the limitations, considerations and instructions required, regarding a medication, to help achieve the desired physiological response while minimizing side effects ✔️ Dosing parameters other medical problems which may affect metabolism or may make the patient more susceptible for a side effect or toxicity ✔️ Comorbidities medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria ✔️ Antibiotics categorizes bacteria into either a GRAM POSITIVE or GRAM NEGATIVE ✔️ Gram Stain Testing usually constant for each dose, but may change ✔️ Strength of medication this is usually based on an hourly time interval or a number of times per day ✔️ Frequency of each dose indicates the presence of peptidoglycan (is the substance that forms a tough and rigid cell wall) retains color of gram stain ✔️ Gram positive indicates that the cell membrane out structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a thin layer of peptidoglycn does not retain color from gram staining ✔️ Gram negative bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment ✔️ Aerobic bacteria that only grow well in the absence of oxygen ✔️ Anaerobic T/F antibiotics are not effective on virus and fungi ✔️ True