Hondros nursing 160 Test 2 study guide
Lasix
Loop diuretic,promotes diuresis,⬇BP,⬇Potassium
Metoprolol
Beta blocker
It can treat high blood pressure, chest pain (angina), and heart failure. This may lower
the risk of death after a heart attack. DO NOT CRUSH
Emphysema /COPD
Destruction and enlargement of the air spaces, Symptoms include shortness of breath,
wheezing, or a chronic cough. Treatment consists of self care and bronchodilators
Rescue inhalers and inhaled or oral steroids can help control symptoms and minimize
further damage.
Asthma
A condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and
produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe. may cause difficulty breathing,
chest pain, cough, and wheezing. The symptoms may sometimes flare-up.usually
managed with rescue inhalers to treat symptoms (albuterol) and controller inhalers that
prevent symptoms (steroids). Severe cases may require longer-acting inhalers that
keep the airways open (formoterol, salmeterol, tiotropium), as well as oral steroids
Pneumonia
Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.Symptoms
include cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.Antibiotics can
treat many forms of pneumonia. Some forms of pneumonia can be prevented by
vaccines.
Hypovolemic Shock
A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood. S/S cold moist
skin ,cyanotic,⬆pulse,⬇bp, (Emergency care including IV fluids, blood, or both, is
needed.)
Glasgow Coma Scale
8 or less comatose; 3 completely unresponsive, 15 responds the best.
❤Hyperkalemia
(⬆MILE DAD) muscle weakness, irritability, low blood pressure, ECG changes,
dysrhythmia, AB cramps, and diarrhea(Tmt. Calcium, insulin )
⬇kidney❤Hypokalemia
(⬇A SIC WALTI) alkalosis, shallow respiratory, irritability, confusion, weakness,
arrhythmia, lethargy, thready pulse, intestinal immobility(tmt:Discontinue
diuretics/laxatives.
Use potassium-sparing diuretics if diuretic therapy is required (eg, severe heart failure)
Treat diarrhea or vomiting.
Administer H2 blockers to patients receiving nasogastric suction.)
Hypernatremia
Dry, mucous membrane,low urine,firm rubbery skin,Thirst, restlessness, fatigue(tmt:IV
treatment)
Hyponatremia
Confusion, nausea, headache, seizure or coma(tmt: give sodium or fluid restriction)
, Hypercalcemia
Thirst, increased urination, AB pain, bone pain, nausea, muscle weakness(tmt:IV
fluids,removal/medicate thyroid )
Hypocalcemia
Muscle cramps, tingling lips and fingers, affected teeth and bones(tmt:vitD&C)
💊 (tums)hypermagnesemia
Weakness, confusion, decreased breathing rate, cardiac arrest(tmt: calcium chloride,
IV, furosemide, hemodialysis)
🍻🍷🍺hypomagnesemia
Muscle weakness.
Muscle tightness, tremors, or twitches.
Irritability or insomnia.
Numbness and tingling.
Severe drowsiness, fatigue, and confusion.
Fast or irregular heart rate.
Seizures.(tmt:diet &pharmacotherapy)
Respiratory acidosis
HYPOventilation,⬇ph,⬆C02,
Metabolic Acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis,⬇ph,⬇HC03,shock,renal failure,severe diarrhea
Acidosis
Ph Readings under 7.35
Alkalosis
Ph Reading over 7.45
Respiratory Alkalosis
HYPERventalation, Ph⬆,CO2⬇
Metabolic Alkalosis
Loss of gastric juice,OD bicarbonate,diuretic, ⬆ph,⬆HC03
Hypoxia early
(RAT)restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia
Hypoxia late
(BED)Bradycardia, Extreme restlessness, dypnea (severe)
PTT
Lab test for heparin(24-45)
PT,INR
Lab test for cumadin (PT:9-12,INR:0.8-1.2)
Hypovolemia
Dehydration,Vomiting,diarrhea (s/s poor skin turger,dry mouth,flat neck viens,confusion,
⬇bp,⬆hr
Daily wt.
Most accurate way to determine water balance
Crackles indicate
Fluid in the lungs
Chvostecks and trousseau signs
Hypocalcemia,hyperactive facial muscles. Contracting hand motion when taking Bp.
Coude cath
Lasix
Loop diuretic,promotes diuresis,⬇BP,⬇Potassium
Metoprolol
Beta blocker
It can treat high blood pressure, chest pain (angina), and heart failure. This may lower
the risk of death after a heart attack. DO NOT CRUSH
Emphysema /COPD
Destruction and enlargement of the air spaces, Symptoms include shortness of breath,
wheezing, or a chronic cough. Treatment consists of self care and bronchodilators
Rescue inhalers and inhaled or oral steroids can help control symptoms and minimize
further damage.
Asthma
A condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and
produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe. may cause difficulty breathing,
chest pain, cough, and wheezing. The symptoms may sometimes flare-up.usually
managed with rescue inhalers to treat symptoms (albuterol) and controller inhalers that
prevent symptoms (steroids). Severe cases may require longer-acting inhalers that
keep the airways open (formoterol, salmeterol, tiotropium), as well as oral steroids
Pneumonia
Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.Symptoms
include cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.Antibiotics can
treat many forms of pneumonia. Some forms of pneumonia can be prevented by
vaccines.
Hypovolemic Shock
A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood. S/S cold moist
skin ,cyanotic,⬆pulse,⬇bp, (Emergency care including IV fluids, blood, or both, is
needed.)
Glasgow Coma Scale
8 or less comatose; 3 completely unresponsive, 15 responds the best.
❤Hyperkalemia
(⬆MILE DAD) muscle weakness, irritability, low blood pressure, ECG changes,
dysrhythmia, AB cramps, and diarrhea(Tmt. Calcium, insulin )
⬇kidney❤Hypokalemia
(⬇A SIC WALTI) alkalosis, shallow respiratory, irritability, confusion, weakness,
arrhythmia, lethargy, thready pulse, intestinal immobility(tmt:Discontinue
diuretics/laxatives.
Use potassium-sparing diuretics if diuretic therapy is required (eg, severe heart failure)
Treat diarrhea or vomiting.
Administer H2 blockers to patients receiving nasogastric suction.)
Hypernatremia
Dry, mucous membrane,low urine,firm rubbery skin,Thirst, restlessness, fatigue(tmt:IV
treatment)
Hyponatremia
Confusion, nausea, headache, seizure or coma(tmt: give sodium or fluid restriction)
, Hypercalcemia
Thirst, increased urination, AB pain, bone pain, nausea, muscle weakness(tmt:IV
fluids,removal/medicate thyroid )
Hypocalcemia
Muscle cramps, tingling lips and fingers, affected teeth and bones(tmt:vitD&C)
💊 (tums)hypermagnesemia
Weakness, confusion, decreased breathing rate, cardiac arrest(tmt: calcium chloride,
IV, furosemide, hemodialysis)
🍻🍷🍺hypomagnesemia
Muscle weakness.
Muscle tightness, tremors, or twitches.
Irritability or insomnia.
Numbness and tingling.
Severe drowsiness, fatigue, and confusion.
Fast or irregular heart rate.
Seizures.(tmt:diet &pharmacotherapy)
Respiratory acidosis
HYPOventilation,⬇ph,⬆C02,
Metabolic Acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis,⬇ph,⬇HC03,shock,renal failure,severe diarrhea
Acidosis
Ph Readings under 7.35
Alkalosis
Ph Reading over 7.45
Respiratory Alkalosis
HYPERventalation, Ph⬆,CO2⬇
Metabolic Alkalosis
Loss of gastric juice,OD bicarbonate,diuretic, ⬆ph,⬆HC03
Hypoxia early
(RAT)restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia
Hypoxia late
(BED)Bradycardia, Extreme restlessness, dypnea (severe)
PTT
Lab test for heparin(24-45)
PT,INR
Lab test for cumadin (PT:9-12,INR:0.8-1.2)
Hypovolemia
Dehydration,Vomiting,diarrhea (s/s poor skin turger,dry mouth,flat neck viens,confusion,
⬇bp,⬆hr
Daily wt.
Most accurate way to determine water balance
Crackles indicate
Fluid in the lungs
Chvostecks and trousseau signs
Hypocalcemia,hyperactive facial muscles. Contracting hand motion when taking Bp.
Coude cath
