PSYC 331: Cognitive Psychology - Test 1 with complete solution

PSYC 331: Cognitive Psychology - Test 1 with complete solution Cognitive Psychology - Correct Answer The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind Mental Processes - Correct Answer Creates representations of the world to enable us to act and to achieve goals Operant Conditioning - Correct Answer Focuses on how behavior is strengthened by the presentation of positive reinforcers Information Processing Approach - Correct Answer Traces the sequence of mental operations involved in cognition Classical Conditioning - Correct Answer Pairing one stimulus with another, previously neutral stimulus causes changes in the response to the neutral stimulus; implicit memory Artificial Intelligence - Correct Answer Making a machine behave in ways that would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving Logic Theorist - Correct Answer A program that used human-like reasoning processes to solve problems Memory Consolidation - Correct Answer Process by which experiences or info that has entered the memory system becomes strengthened so it is resistant to interference caused by trauma or other events Perception - Correct Answer Experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses; can change based on added info Bottom-Up Processing - Correct Answer Processing that begins with stimulation of the receptors Feature Detectors - Correct Answer Neurons in the cortex that respond best to simple shapes like lines or bars with specific orientations; respond to features to make up objects Geons - Correct Answer Perceptual building blocks that can be combined to create objects Principle of Componential Recovery - Correct Answer The principle that states: if we can see an object's geons, we can identify the object Top-Down Processing - Correct Answer Processing that begins with a person's prior knowledge or expectations; recognize objects based on a few geons or when large portions of the object are obscured Feedback Signals - Correct Answer Signals that travel down from higher centers of influence incoming signals Size Constancy - Correct Answer We tend to perceive objects as remaining the same size even when they move to different distances Speech Segmentation - Correct Answer The process of perceiving individual words within the continuous flow of the speech signal Theory of Unconscious Interference - Correct Answer Theory that states: some of our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions that we make about the environment Likelihood Principle - Correct Answer We perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received Perceptual Organization - Correct Answer The way elements are grouped together to create larger objects Laws of Perceptual Organization - Correct Answer Indicate how elements in the environment are organized or grouped together