CCT exam prep verified solutions

CCT exam prep verified solutions Ergometer an apparatus that measures work or energy expended during a period of physical exercise. Treadmill - Speeds ranging from 1 - 8 mph - Incline ranging from 0%-20% Indicatations of cardiovascular disease -Changes in the J-point & ST segment -Mets 6.5 -Duration 6 minutes -Low peak HR -Maintaining a low systolic BP -Severe ST depression -Prolonged ST depression Cardiolite -AKA radioactive technetium -assesses the volume of blood pumped with each heartbeat -labels the red blood cells -ability to count the number of red blood cells that pass through each chamber over several heartbeats -side effects: swelling of face & tongue, hives, itching, headache, CP, and nausea Bicycle Erogmeter -used for pts with orthopedic, vascular, or neurological limitations -need the ability to be adjusted manually or electronically most; least -Upsloping ST that does not return to baseline in 80 milliseconds beyond the J-point: ________ severe -Downsloping ST: _________ severe & 99% dependable for predicting CAD Dobutamine Stress Test -adrenergic agonist -stimulates the beta-1 receptors in the cardiovascular system -increases BP & HR which increases the workload -may lead to arrhythmias, SOB, headache, low BP, CP, or tremors -Beta-blockers can reverse the side effects normal test findings -J point that is slightly depressed, sloping up into an ST segment that returns to baseline within 80 milliseconds (.08) from the J-point Indicates myocardial ischemia -upsloping ST which doesn't return to baseline within 80 milliseconds (.08) -J point depression followed by a horizontal ST segment below baseline -downward sloping ST segment -J point & ST elevation Indications for a pharmacological stress test -inability to exercise due to orthopedic, neurological, circulator or respiratory conditions -general debilitation -presence of calcium channel blockers Data for stress results -ECG results -HR & BP response -presence or absence of CV symptoms -aerobic exercise capacity -presence of symptoms -percent of pt's max HR MET - Metabolic Equivalent -a measure of exercise intensity based on oxygen consumption -1 is = the amount of o2 a person consumes per unit of body weight during 1 min of rest Non-coronary causes of ST depression -severe HTN -severe aortic stenosis -cardiomyopathy -anemia -hypokalemia -severe hypoxia -digitalis -sudden excessive exercise -left ventricular hypertrophy -mitral valve prolapse -pre-excitation syndrome: WPW -aortic or mitral regurg (volume overload) -supraventricular tachyarrhythmias V5 Lead that detects myocardial ischemia Persantine Chemical Stress Test -aka dipyridamole -anti-platelet agent that dilates the coronary blood vessels -side effects: abd upset, arrhythmias, dizziness, headache, CP, low BP, rarely a heart attack or stroke -aminophylline reverses the side effects Negative Stress Test -no abnormalities seen in the J-point or ST segment -pt achieves at least 85% of max HR -pt's have a low likelihood of developing CV disease or experiencing myocardial ischemia or inury Thallium Stress Test -useful in determining the extent of preexisting damage or blockage due to the heart, effectiveness of CV therapies, or cause of CP -mixes with all the blood; the higher amt of blood in a region, more of the chemical can be seen -if an area of the heart does not get enough blood flow, only a small amt of chemical will be seen -the presence or absence of the chemical is a useful indicator of limited blood flow or dead muscle cells in the heart -side effects are rare but include: rash and low BP Arm Ergometer Stress test -seated with handles of ergometer positioned at chest level -pt's must maintain 60-75 revolutions per minute -less sensitive than leg exercise in determining CV abnormalities SA block This is the inability of an electrical impulse to be generated by the SA node causing no P wave to be seen. May occur intermittently and cause the pt no problem or symptoms. Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome aka: pre-excitation syndrome - electrical impulse from the atria reaches the ventricle too soon - An extra pathway is present that conducts electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles. - short PR, delta wave, BBB, and tachyarrhythmia - Symptoms: rapid HR, dizziness, CP, fainting Myocardial Ischemia Inverted T waves and ST depression can indicate_____________? Myocardial Ischemia - LT ventricle does not receive enough oxygenated blood due to an obstruction or constriction of blood vessels - Caused by atherosclerosis - reversible if diagnosed early - Prolonged ischemia = injury or infarction Heart Block - abnormality in the electrical conduction system of the heart that disrupts the