Information Technology Project Management 9th Edition Chapter 2 Verified

Information Technology Project Management 9th Edition Chapter 2 Verified System Thinking a holistic view of an organization to effectively handle complex situations Systems approach a holistic and analytical approach to solving complex problems that includes using a systems philosophy, systems analysis, and systems management systems philosophy an overall model for thinking about things as systems Systems analysis a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system to be studied, and then dividing it into component parts for identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs Systems management addressing the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system structural frame a frame that deals with how the organization is structured (usually depicted in an organizational chart) and focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management human resources (HR) frame a frame that focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people political frame a frame that addresses organizational and personal politics Politics competition between groups or individuals for power and leadership symbolic frame a frame that focuses on the symbols, meanings, and culture of an organization functional organizational structure an organizational structure that groups people by functional areas such as IT, manufacturing, engineering, and human resources project organizational structure an organizational structure that groups people by major projects matrix organizational structure an organizational structure in which employees are assigned both to functional and project managers Organizational culture a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization champion a senior manager who acts as a key proponent for a project IT governance the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management project life cycle a collection of project phases, such as concept, development, implementation, and close-out deliverable a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project product life cycle a process used to define, create, and deliver products systems development life cycle (SDLC) a framework for describing the phases involved in developing and maintaining information systems phase exits a management review that should occur after each project phase to determine if projects should be continued, redirected, or terminated; also called a kill point phase gate reviews management reviews that keep projects on track and determine if they should b