MED SURGE II: EXAM 4 | QUESTIONS & 100% CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ | ALREADY GRADED

MED SURGE II: EXAM 4 | QUESTIONS & 100% CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ | ALREADY GRADED Which assessment finding corresponds with the first stage of Parkinson's disease (PD)? 1. Upper extremity tremors 2. Muscle rigidity 3. Shuffling gait 4. Postural instability Upper extremity tremors. --Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by five progressive stages: 1st stage: Pt presents with unexplained unilateral weakness and upper extremity tremors. 2nd stage: Slowness of movement & shuffling gait. Later stages: Postural instability & increased risk for fall, and muscle rigidity is more pronounced. P. 804 (Ch. 36) Deeagles - Stuvia US Which finding is used to diagnose the presence of Parkinson's disease (PD)? 1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) 2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing 4. Presence of tremors and muscular rigidity Presence of tremors and muscular rigidity. --There is no specific diagnostic studies for PD. --Presence of two or more cardinal symptoms with asymmetrical presentation is considered in the diagnosis of PD. --Diagnosis is made by: Considering progressive decline in motor function, accompanied by tremors and rigidity. **EEG: Diagnosis seizures, tumors, inflammations, and brain injury. **MRI: Detects masses, cysts, and irregularities in the vessels or bone of the head. **Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Obtained by lumbar puncture is used to diagnose headaches, encephalitis, and meningitis. P. 804 (Ch. 36) Anticholinergics are used to reduce tremors and drooling associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Which side effect of this drug contraindicates it for older patients? 1. Memory impairment 2. Urinary frequency Deeagles - Stuvia US 3. Nausea and vomiting 4. Disorders of impulse control Memory impairment. --Side effects of anticholinergics: Confusion & Memory impairment. --Anticholinergics also cause: Urinary retention, and constipation. **Side effects of Dopamine-receptor agonists (first-line treatment for PD): N/V, impulse control (gambling and hypersexuality). P. 804 (Ch. 36) Which surgical procedure is used to treat the patient with Parkinson's disease (PD)? 1. Vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) 2. Stereotactic pallidotomy 3. Deep brain stimulation 4. Partial corpus callosectomy Stereotactic pallidotomy. --Involves the opening of the pallidum within the corpus striatum. --A cylindrical rod or electrode is implanted, allowing the targeted area to receive mild electrical stimulation to reduce tremors and the rigidity associated with PD. **Vagal nerve stimulator (VNS): Used to stimulate vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) to effectively control seizure activit