Arborist Certification Study Guide with Complete Solutions

Arborist Certification Study Guide with Complete Solutions Meristem Correct Answer-Sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips, root tips, and cambium. Apical meristem Correct Answer-Meristems located at the end of the shoot are called primary, or _________ meristems Scales Correct Answer-Buds are covered by _____________ that leave permanent scars on the twig when the buds break dormancy. These scars can be useful in tree ID. Apical dominance Correct Answer-The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds is called ______________. Leaves Correct Answer-The food factories of trees are the ____________. Photosynthesis & Oxygen Correct Answer-The process of _____________ combines carbon dioxide and water in a reaction driven by light to produce sugars. _________ is also a product of this reaction. Chlorophyll Correct Answer-The green color of leaves is created by the presence of _____________, which is necessary for photosynthesis to take place. Transpiration Correct Answer-___________ is the loss of water vapor from the leaves. Stomata & Guard Cells Correct Answer-The opening and closing of _________ allows for gas exchange, and transpiration is controlled by the ___________. Xylem & Phloem Correct Answer-Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in the ___________. The ____________ conducts carbohydrates. Cambium Correct Answer-The ______________ is a layer of meristematic cells located between the phloem and the xylem. Branch collar & Branch bark ridge Correct Answer-The ______ ________ is formed when trunk tissue grows around branch tissues. As the branch and trunk tissues expand against each other in the crotch, the __________ ______ ________ is formed. Bark Correct Answer-___________ protects the branches and trunk of a tree from mechanical injury and desiccation. Absorption, conduction, anchorage, and storage. Correct Answer-Name four functions of the root system Osmosis Correct Answer-Water enters young roots or mycorrhizal roots by a process called ______________. Tropism, Phototropism & Geotropism Correct Answer-The orientation of growth in response to an external stimulus is called _____________. Two examples are ___________ and ____________. CODIT Correct Answer-Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees Excurrent & Decurrent Correct Answer-Trees with upright growth and a strong, central leader are said to exhibit ______________ growth. More rounded trees, which are often broader than they are tall, have ______________ growth habits. Mycorrhizae Correct Answer-Roots and fungi called ___________ exist in a symbiotic relationship, which aids in the uptake of water and minerals. Respiration Correct Answer-The process by which chemical energy, stored as sugar and starch, is released is called ______________. Deciduous & Evergreen Correct Answer-Trees that lose their leaves in the fall are called _________. Trees that maintain their leaves for more than one year are called ___________. Twig anatomy Correct Answer-twig anatomy Cross section of young stem Correct Answer-Stem anatomy Auxin Correct Answer-A plant hormone Cuticle Correct Answer-Waxy covering of a leaf Petiole Correct Answer-Stalk of a leaf Internode Correct Answer-Between the nodes of a twig. Lenticel Correct Answer-Small openings in stems for gas exchange.