VERIFIED SOLUTION

Advanced Health Assessment VERIFIED SOLUTION Ms. Pammy is a 36-year-old woman who presents to your office with a complaint of depression. She is experiencing anger, fear, and sorrow. Which of the following regulates feelings of anger, fear, and sorrow? A. Limbic system B. Corpus callosum C. Temporal lobes Caudate nucleus - ANSWER A. Limbic system The limbic system mediates certain patterns of behavior that determine survival (e.g., mating, aggression, fear, and affection). Reactions to emotions such as anger, love, hostility, and envy originate here, but the expression of emotion and behavior is mediated by connections between the limbic system and the frontal lobe. Answers b, c, and d are incorrect because they are responsible for other functions. Mrs. Hilliard brings her 9-year-old daughter to your office. She has been diagnosed with autistic disorder. Which of the following statements best describes this disorder? A. Pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder B. Global intellectual deficit C. Social impairment syndrome D. Right brain dysfunction - ANSWER A. Pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology that includes a wide spectrum of disorders typically identified before 3 years of age and is more common in boys than girls. Mr. Edwards presents to the emergency department after an auto accident. Which of the following scales would be used to evaluate the mental status of a patient after head trauma? A. Mini-Mental State Examination B. Perceptual distortion assessment C. Glasgow Coma Scale D. Functional assessment - ANSWER C. Glasgow Coma Scale The Glasgow Coma Scale is used to quantify level of consciousness after an acute brain injury or medical condition. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a standardized tool to assess cognitive function changes over time. Perceptual distortion assessment evaluates the variation between a reported perception of a stimulus and the normal response. Functional assessment is an objective measure of a person's ability to perform the activities of daily living. Disordered perceptions, decreased attention span, suspiciousness, and fear with motor and sensory excitement are characteristics of which disorder? A. Delirium B. Dementia C. Schizophrenia D. Depression - ANSWER A. Delirium Delirium is impaired cognition and consciousness and mood and behavioral dysfunction of acute onset. Disordered perceptions, decreased attention span, suspiciousness, and fear with motor and sensory excitement are objective characteristics found in delirium. Mr. Yates is a 67-year-old patient who presents to your office with his son. Which of the following would best test Mr. Yates's comprehension? A. Ask him to count backward by 7s from 100. B. Ask him to follow one- and two-step commands. C. Ask him the meaning of "a stitch in time saves nine." D. Ask him his name, the date, and the season. - ANSWER B. Ask him to follow oneand two-step commands. Asking simple one- and two-step directions measures a patient's comprehension. Patients should be able to follow instructions of this type. Answers a, c, and d measure other cognitive abilities, like abstract reasoning. Mrs. Tucker presents to your office today for a follow-up appointment. She appears to fidget in her seat and with her hands. Which of the following would assess her attention span? A. Are you usually this anxious? B. I am going to ask you to name four items; do the best you can. C. What does this phrase mean: "A stitch in time saves nine?" D. Could you take this paper, fold it in half, and put it on the counter? - ANSWER D. Could you take this paper, fold it in half, and put it on the counter? Answer d is an example of asking the patient a set of short commands that measures attention span. Answer a is a form of validation. Asking answer c measures cognitive abilities, whereas answer b does not provide enough information to determine what the examiner is trying to measure. A mother brings her child, an 18-month-old boy, to the clinic. She states that the child rarely talks or smiles. She has also noticed that he does not like to be held. She states that his motor development seems to be normal. With what condition are these symptoms consistent? A. Dementia B. Autistic disorder C. Attention deficit D. Delirium - ANSWER B. Autistic disorder Symptoms such as delayed or underdeveloped language skills and resisting being held or touched are signs of autism, a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology that includes a wide spectrum of disorders typically identified before 3 years of age and is more common in boys than girls. Mr. Johnson presents to your office with a complaint of anxiety. Which area of the mental assessment corresponds to his complaint? A. Cognitive abilities B. Speech/language C. Emotional stability D. Appearance and behavior - ANSWER C. Emotional stability Emotional stability is evaluated when the patient does not seem to be coping well or does not have resources to meet his or her personal needs. Anxiety may be present in other components of the mental assessment, but it is a measure of the patient's emotional stability. Mrs. Karon is a 46-year-old fem