BIO 251 Exam 1 Question and answers complete solutions latest 2024

Define microbiology - Answer- The study of microorganisms, how they work, interact with the environment, and interact with us. Bacteria, the largest and most important group of microorganisms. List two emerging infections - Answer- Tuberculosis Hantavirus- mutation Ebola E. coli- in gut Describe the impact of infectious disease on human deaths before the 1900, currently worldwide and compared to the deaths from wars and natural disasters. - Answer- Before the 1900 50% of all children died of infectious disease before reaching the age of 10. Currently about 1/3 of deaths worldwide are due to infectious diseases. Deaths from wars: 150 million have died of AIDS, TB and malaria alone since 1945 compared with 23 million lost to wars Natural disasters: 160 times more people have died from AIDS, malaria respiratory and diarrhea diseases than in all natural disasters combined. List the 6 groups of microorganisms - Answer- -Fungi -Protozoa -Algae -Prokaryotes -Helminths -Virus Fungi composed of - Answer- Molds- multicellular, reproduced by sexual and asexual spores Yeasts- unicellular, reproduced asexually by budding, some produce sexual spores List at least one disease caused by each type of microorganism -Protozoa, helmiths, fungi, algae, prokaryotes, viruses - Answer- *Fungi* - yeast infection (Candidiasis), cryptococcosis, pneumocystis pneumonia *Protozoa* - plasmodium (some can cause malaria-non-motile) *Algae* - cholera (shellfish poisoning) *Prokaryotes* - Tuberculosis *Helminths* (worms) - tape worms *Virus* - AIDS, influenze, West Nile, SARS List different characteristics of each group of microorganisms - Answer- Fungi- Eukaryotic (have membane-bound nucleus). Obtain their food from other organisms. Protozoa- single celled eukaryotes, most reproduce asexually some produce sexually, classified by mechanism of motility. Algae- Unicellular or multicellular. Photosynthetic. Simple reproductive structures. Non- pathogenic except for their role in red tides and shellfish poisoning (ppl eating fish that eat algae). Make worlds most oxygen as part of photosynthesis. Prokaryotes- Unicellular and no nucleus. Much smaller than eukaryotes. Found everywhere there is sufficent moisture; some found in extreme environments (archea). Reproduces asexually.