SPCE 630 Final Exam prep Question And Answers

SPCE 630 Final Exam prep Question And Answers visual analysis of graphed data - ANS is the cornerstone of and most frequently used data analysis method in SCD research, particularly for determining whether a study demonstrates experimental control. involves systematic procedures used to evaluate specific characteristics of data patterns and evaluate the presence of a functional relation. advantages of visual analysis - ANS -can be used to evaluate data of individuals or small groups depending on the unit of analysis specified in the research question. -data are collected repeatedly, graphed as they are collected, and analyzed frequently -focuses on analysis of individual data patterns -discovery of potentially interesting findings that may not be directly related to the original research question or program objective. -graphic presentation of data permits independent analysis and interpretation of results formative visual analysis - ANS conducted within and across conditions to identify behavior change during the course of a study. behavior change - ANS occurs when data patterns in one condition are different from data patterns in the subsequent, adjacent condition for the same variable(s). summative visual analysis - ANS conducted following study completion, across multiple opportunities to demonstrate behavior change to determine whether a functional relation exists between the independent variable and the dependent variable. adjacent conditions - ANS in SCD research, data patterns are examined within and across adjacent conditions; when data in one condition differ from what is predicted based on the preceding condition, behavior change is demonstrated. formative analysis is conducted in two steps - ANS 1. within and across adjacent condition analyses 2. systematic examination of specific data characteristics within condition visual analyses - ANS are conducted to discern patterns within a single condition during a study. within condition visual analyses of level, trend, and variability/stability are critical for determining when to change conditions, deciding whether adaptations need to be made, and providing information related to answering research questions. beginning with the initial condition, typically baseline, you should look for stability of data across a minimum of at least three to five sessions prior to changing conditions. condition change criteria - ANS should be made a priori based on hypothesized data patterns. these criteria will guide both formative and summative decisions about experimental control.