Patho exam 1- Study Guide Questions 100% Solved!!

Dysplasia - ANSWER1) Abnormal tissue growth 2) cells vary in size, shape & appearance Dysplasia ex - ANSWERabnormal cells present in PAP smear of cervix (considered precancerous condition) Hyperplasia - ANSWER1) increase in number of cells of an organ/tissue (seen in epithelial & connective tissue only 2) muscle & nervous tissue lose their ability to undergo mitosis after birth) Hyperplasia ex - ANSWER1) breast & uterine development during pregnancy 2) fibroblast activity during wound repair Hypertrophy - ANSWER1) increase in cell size or amount of functioning tissue mass 2) can be caused by increased workload placed on an organ Hypertrophy ex - ANSWERskeletal, cardiac muscle pathological hypertrophy: adaptive - ANSWERthickening of heart wall with hypertension pathological hypertrophy: compensatory - ANSWERenlargement of one kidney after other is removed Metaplasia - ANSWER1) one cell type is replaced by another cell type 2) due to reprogramming of stem cells Atrophy - ANSWERdecrease in size of organ caused by a decrease in size/number of individual cells. Atrophy: can be caused by - ANSWER1) disuse 2) reduced demand 3) ↓ trophic stimuli 4) ↓ nutrients/blood flow 5) cell injury 6) aging Moist gangrene - ANSWERarea is cold, swollen, pulseless, moist, black Gas gangrene - ANSWER1) caused by Clostridium sp. 2) bubbles of H2S present Apoptosis - ANSWER1) 'fallen apart' 2) ~cell suicide 3) eliminates worn out, excess, improperly developed or genetically damaged cells Apoptosis: directed by - ANSWERproteases called caspases Apoptosis ex - ANSWER1) programmed death of cells during embryonic development 2) hormone-dependent involution of tissues Necrosis - ANSWER