H&Sc Unit 1 Human Lifespan Development.
Theorists
Piaget Children think differently to adults. Infants use
egocentric thinking. Children then develop
abstract logical thinking before being able to use
simple logic (concrete logical thinking) to solve
problems.
- Sensorimotor (birth–2 years) – interact with the
world using their senses only
- Preoperational (2-7 years) – development of
language and make believe play. Do not
understand mass, volume and number
- Concrete operational (7-11 years) – understand
simple logical principles
- Formal operational (11-18 years) – reason
through symbols
Schemas – stages of intellectual development
(category of knowledge and way to achieve
knowledge)
Tests of conservation – in the operational stage,
children understand that something’s appearance
may change but its quantity will stay the same.
Criticisms of Piaget Age stages are more fluid than Piaget makes out. Children
are less egocentric, such as understanding each other’s
feelings
Bruner – children can be helped to progress to a higher
level with adult support. More encouragement can help
children learn logically. Some children take longer than 11
years to
become skilled at abstract logical thinking
Chomsky’s model The ability to communicate with a signed or spoken
of language is programmed genetically into individuals. All
language individuals have the ability to use language, regardless of
acquisition other abilities, and to become fluent by the age of five or
six. LAD (language acquisition device) – everyone is born
with this and it enables children to recognise and develop
the languages they experience. Children are
preprogrammed to acquire Language. Children cannot
learn a new language through imitation alone because
language is so irregular. Babies need to experience other
people's thinking, but they do not need to be trained in
order to speak.
Criticisms of Lack of scientific evidence to support his theory
Chomsky Bruner argued that social interaction is crucial and has
Theorists
Piaget Children think differently to adults. Infants use
egocentric thinking. Children then develop
abstract logical thinking before being able to use
simple logic (concrete logical thinking) to solve
problems.
- Sensorimotor (birth–2 years) – interact with the
world using their senses only
- Preoperational (2-7 years) – development of
language and make believe play. Do not
understand mass, volume and number
- Concrete operational (7-11 years) – understand
simple logical principles
- Formal operational (11-18 years) – reason
through symbols
Schemas – stages of intellectual development
(category of knowledge and way to achieve
knowledge)
Tests of conservation – in the operational stage,
children understand that something’s appearance
may change but its quantity will stay the same.
Criticisms of Piaget Age stages are more fluid than Piaget makes out. Children
are less egocentric, such as understanding each other’s
feelings
Bruner – children can be helped to progress to a higher
level with adult support. More encouragement can help
children learn logically. Some children take longer than 11
years to
become skilled at abstract logical thinking
Chomsky’s model The ability to communicate with a signed or spoken
of language is programmed genetically into individuals. All
language individuals have the ability to use language, regardless of
acquisition other abilities, and to become fluent by the age of five or
six. LAD (language acquisition device) – everyone is born
with this and it enables children to recognise and develop
the languages they experience. Children are
preprogrammed to acquire Language. Children cannot
learn a new language through imitation alone because
language is so irregular. Babies need to experience other
people's thinking, but they do not need to be trained in
order to speak.
Criticisms of Lack of scientific evidence to support his theory
Chomsky Bruner argued that social interaction is crucial and has
