Mnb1501 Assignment 1 semester 1 2024
___ cells are part of the humoral immunity and mature in the BM - ansB cells
____ are now used to treat ulcers - ansantibiotics
____ causes 80% of UTI - ansE.coli
____ cells are part of the cell mediated immunity and mature in the thymyus - ansT cells
_____ cells secrete antibodies - ansPlasma
A bull's- eye rash at the site of a tick bite is associated with ___ - ansLyme disease
A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is an ______ - ansAntigen
A virulence factor found in helicobacter pylori is production of - ansurease enzyme
Basophils - ans- make up less than .5% of circulating WBCs
- granules contain histamine
Botulism caused by an - ans-exotoxin
- prevents the release of AcH resulting in faccid paralysis
Can food poisoning still occur after consuming a reheated pot of soup known to be contaminated with
staphylococcus aureus? - ans-G+ and clusters of grapes
- yes
Causative agent of Gastritis - ansHelicobacter pylori
Causative agent of ocular trachoma - ansChlamydia trachomatis
Causative agent of pharyngitis - ansStreptococcus pyogenes
Differentiate between components of first and second line defense - ansFIRST:Physical and Chemical
barriers
SECOND: phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial proteins
Differentiate between components of first and second line of defense. List 3 components of each line
along with details on their mechanism - ansFirst LOD
- nonspecific
-physical and chemical barriers
-a surface of protection composed of anatomical and physiological barriers hat keeps microbes from
penetrating sterile body components
Second LOD:
- nonspecific
- phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, anti microbial proteins
- a cellular and chemical system that comes immediately into play if infectious agents make it past the
surface defense
E.coli - ansGram -, anaerobic, rod shaped
Eosinophils - ansattack parasitic helminths
Example of natural active immunity - anschicken pox infection, followed by lifelong immunity
, Mnb1501 Assignment 1 semester 1 2024
Example of natural passive immunity - ansbreastfeeding or an antitoxin because the body receives fully
formed immunoglobulins and will not result in memory
Explain the process of inflammation- the four cardinal signs and the mechanism. What are the two most
common mediators of inflammation and their role in the process. - ansRubor- redness
Calor- warmth
Tumor- swelling
Dolor- pain
Histamine Mast cells: involved with allergic and inflammatory reaction
Cytokines: materials secreted by immune system
Explain whether there is a greater risk for E.coli O157:H7 infection when consuming a hamburger
compared to consuming a steak. Can food poisoning still occur after consuming a reheated pot of soup
known to be contaminated with S.auerus. Why or why not. - ansE.coli is a gram negative bacteria that is
commonly found in the intestines. E.coli O157: H7 is a strain of E.coli that causes diarrhea. E.coli usually
exists on the surface of whole cut meats, it is much easier to kill this bacteria on whole cut meat rather
than ground beef.
S. Aureus is a gram positive pathogen known to cause infection. When food is initially cooked it should be
killed off like E.coli. But there is potential for the food to be contaminated after it cools down. The
pathogen has potential to produce heat resistant enterotoxins that are able to survive in the heating
process
FLOD: lysozome - ansis secreted in tears in saliva
If a person who has never been infected with human herpesvirus 3 comes in contact with the fluid of
shingle lesions, they will come down with ______ - anschickenpox
IgA - ansdimer
IgG - ansmonomer
IgM - anspentamer
In HIV infection - ansCD4 T- helper cells are attacked, disruption of cell mediated immunity
infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus) - anssigns/ symptoms:
fatigue, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
Inflammation- Cardinal Signs - ans- Rubor: redness
- Calor: warmth
-Tumor: swelling
Dolor: pain
Influenza can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins, called antigenic _______, or alternately
antigenic ___ which is a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of
another influenza virus strain - ans- drift
- shift
Oral lesions called Koplik's spot are seen in patients with _____ - ansmeasles
Staphylococcus aureus can cause - ansMRSA impetigo, scalded syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis
Syphilis stages of disease - ans- primary
- secondary
___ cells are part of the humoral immunity and mature in the BM - ansB cells
____ are now used to treat ulcers - ansantibiotics
____ causes 80% of UTI - ansE.coli
____ cells are part of the cell mediated immunity and mature in the thymyus - ansT cells
_____ cells secrete antibodies - ansPlasma
A bull's- eye rash at the site of a tick bite is associated with ___ - ansLyme disease
A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is an ______ - ansAntigen
A virulence factor found in helicobacter pylori is production of - ansurease enzyme
Basophils - ans- make up less than .5% of circulating WBCs
- granules contain histamine
Botulism caused by an - ans-exotoxin
- prevents the release of AcH resulting in faccid paralysis
Can food poisoning still occur after consuming a reheated pot of soup known to be contaminated with
staphylococcus aureus? - ans-G+ and clusters of grapes
- yes
Causative agent of Gastritis - ansHelicobacter pylori
Causative agent of ocular trachoma - ansChlamydia trachomatis
Causative agent of pharyngitis - ansStreptococcus pyogenes
Differentiate between components of first and second line defense - ansFIRST:Physical and Chemical
barriers
SECOND: phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial proteins
Differentiate between components of first and second line of defense. List 3 components of each line
along with details on their mechanism - ansFirst LOD
- nonspecific
-physical and chemical barriers
-a surface of protection composed of anatomical and physiological barriers hat keeps microbes from
penetrating sterile body components
Second LOD:
- nonspecific
- phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, anti microbial proteins
- a cellular and chemical system that comes immediately into play if infectious agents make it past the
surface defense
E.coli - ansGram -, anaerobic, rod shaped
Eosinophils - ansattack parasitic helminths
Example of natural active immunity - anschicken pox infection, followed by lifelong immunity
, Mnb1501 Assignment 1 semester 1 2024
Example of natural passive immunity - ansbreastfeeding or an antitoxin because the body receives fully
formed immunoglobulins and will not result in memory
Explain the process of inflammation- the four cardinal signs and the mechanism. What are the two most
common mediators of inflammation and their role in the process. - ansRubor- redness
Calor- warmth
Tumor- swelling
Dolor- pain
Histamine Mast cells: involved with allergic and inflammatory reaction
Cytokines: materials secreted by immune system
Explain whether there is a greater risk for E.coli O157:H7 infection when consuming a hamburger
compared to consuming a steak. Can food poisoning still occur after consuming a reheated pot of soup
known to be contaminated with S.auerus. Why or why not. - ansE.coli is a gram negative bacteria that is
commonly found in the intestines. E.coli O157: H7 is a strain of E.coli that causes diarrhea. E.coli usually
exists on the surface of whole cut meats, it is much easier to kill this bacteria on whole cut meat rather
than ground beef.
S. Aureus is a gram positive pathogen known to cause infection. When food is initially cooked it should be
killed off like E.coli. But there is potential for the food to be contaminated after it cools down. The
pathogen has potential to produce heat resistant enterotoxins that are able to survive in the heating
process
FLOD: lysozome - ansis secreted in tears in saliva
If a person who has never been infected with human herpesvirus 3 comes in contact with the fluid of
shingle lesions, they will come down with ______ - anschickenpox
IgA - ansdimer
IgG - ansmonomer
IgM - anspentamer
In HIV infection - ansCD4 T- helper cells are attacked, disruption of cell mediated immunity
infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus) - anssigns/ symptoms:
fatigue, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
Inflammation- Cardinal Signs - ans- Rubor: redness
- Calor: warmth
-Tumor: swelling
Dolor: pain
Influenza can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins, called antigenic _______, or alternately
antigenic ___ which is a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of
another influenza virus strain - ans- drift
- shift
Oral lesions called Koplik's spot are seen in patients with _____ - ansmeasles
Staphylococcus aureus can cause - ansMRSA impetigo, scalded syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis
Syphilis stages of disease - ans- primary
- secondary
