DAT Biology Study Guide.

Carotenoids - correct answer lipid derivatives, produce pigments in plants and animals , An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis. Porphyrins - correct answer lipid derivatives, a group of light-sensitive, pigmented, ringed chemical structures that are required for the synthesis of hemoglobin. Complexed with metals such as iron in hemoglobin and chlorophyll with Mg Can H20 and hydrocarbons pass freely across membrane? - correct answer yes (small, uncharged, non-polar, hydrophobic can pass) Porins - correct answer allow passage of certain ions and small polar molecules such as aquaporins in kidneys for H20 Rough ER - correct answer protein synthesis, creates glycoproteins for secretion Smooth ER - correct answer synthesis of hormones, lipids, breakdown of toxins and drugs in liver cyclosis - correct answer transport of material in cytoplasm (steaming movement) Peroxiomes - correct answer breakdown of H2O2, fatty acids, AA. In liver and kidneys to break down toxins, by-products of photorespiration in plants Centrioles - correct answer two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope; play a role in cell division. Are microtubles (MTOCs) Storage vocuoles - correct answer store starch, pigments, toxic substances (nicotine) in plants Contractile vacuoles - correct answer in single cell organism, pump excess water out of cell Ex. fresh water protozoa to prevent bursting Desmosome - correct answer aka spot welding, support and stability Tight junctions - correct answer animal cells, seal to prevent passage of materials btwn cell gap junctions - correct answer narrow tunnels btwn animal cells, only ions exchange plasmodesma - correct answer barrow channels between plant cells for exchange of materials Bulk flow - correct answer collective movement of substance (like blood or urine) in same direction due to force dialysis - correct answer diffusion of solutes across selective permeable membrane (passive) plasmolysis - correct answer water of out cell, results in collapse aka shrivel (passive) Total ATP in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic - correct answer Eukaryotic = 36 ATP Prokaryotic = 38 ATP Glycolysis - correct answer 1 glucose + 2 ATP + 4 ADP + 2NAD + 2Pi -- 2 pyruvate + 2ADP + 4 ATP + 2NADH +2H + 2H2O = 2 ATP Fermination - correct answer 1 pyruvate + NADH -- (Ethanol + CO2 in Plants) and (Lactic Acid in animals use for muscle cells) + NAD Pyruvate decarboxylation - correct answer 2 pyruvate + 2 Coenzyme A + 2 NAD -- 2 Acetyl CoA + 2CO2 + 2NADH = - 2 ATP Citric Acid Cycle - correct answer 2 Acetyl CoA + 6NAD + 2FAD + 2ADP + 2H20 -- 4 CO2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP = 2 ATP