Period 3 study guide APUSH
Federalism - ANSSplitting power between the national government and state governments
(used to pacify the anti-federalists)
Egalitarianism - ANSStatus based on character, you should be able to change your place in life
if you work hard
Northwest Territories - ANSOhio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin
Philadelphia/Constitutional Convention - ANS55 delegates (none from RI bc they're small and
they hated a stronger central gov that would take away their power)
It was originally to revise the AoC, but the Nationalist majority made it so they started making a
new doc
Nationalists: federalism is needed, everything will be okay w/ checks + balances
Federalists - ANSLiked a strong national government, and wanted a change because the AoC
wasn't working.
Rich urban merchants, traders, bankers...
Hamilton/James Madison/John Jay
What was George Washington's presidency like? - ANSIn charge of the executive branch
Alongside the heads of 4 different departments, together they were the cabinet
Challenges:
Organization of the executive branch
4 different heads of departments formed the president's Cabinet, to advise the president on
important issues
Edmund Randolph
Office of the Attorney General, helped with legal matters
Thomas Jefferson
State department helped with this (foreign policy)
Henry Knox
War department, helped with military needs
Alexander Hamilton
Treasury department helped with economic policy
Threats from foreign nations
They had a small military and were strong
Relations with Great Britain and France were tense, pressuring the USA to take sides
Washington wanted the USA to stay neutral, it would keep them from being in foreign wars
Washington kept the USA out of war when it was declared
Nationwide debt
Federal/state governments owed lots of money because of the war
, Federal government owed double than the state
Citizens lost confidence in the gover
Anti-Federalists - ANSFavored state power and feared centralized authority. They supported the
AoC at the Philadelphia Convention and Shays' Rebellion
Rural frontiersman/country yeomans, plantation owners, immigrants...
Thomas Jefferson
Compromises between the federalists and the anti-federalists - ANSBoR (amendments 9 & 10
especially!)
⅗ Compromise
Commercial Compromise
Shay's Rebellion (1786) - ANSBecause of AoC, the gov. couldn't give the veteran his pay.
Shays also had tons of debt he couldn't pay, so he gathered fellow farmers who were also
having their lands taken away and tried marching to the Springfield armory to then close the
courts in Boston. Merchant-sponsored army ended it.
Big sign that AoC wasn't working because even when MA asked for help, other states didn't
care + there was no money to fund a state army, hence the merchant sponsored one
Articles of Confederation - ANSA form of government before the Constitution
Consisted of a weak federal government and strong state government
Weaknesses: It was underfunded, inefficient to organize the government, extremely difficult to
agree on and change/pass laws, and they had no common grounds (judicial branch)
Constitution - ANSCreated after the AoC for a stronger government
Added the bill of rights to pacify anti-federalists
Split power between state and federal governments more evenly
Battle of Trenton - ANS1776
Washington's army was forced out of New York, until Christmas Eve, when he snuck his soldiers
across the frozen Delaware river, to attack a camp of hessians, german mercenaries, and
secure one of the first victories for the Americans of the war
The victory helped to raise morale for the soldiers, who had signed up for six months at most,
and encouraged them to stay in the army.
Led to the creation of the "continental soldiers", who signed up for years at a time, and secured
the future of the continental army.
Winter at Valley Forge - ANS1777-1778
During the severe winter, colonist soldiers were stuck in Valley Forge, cut off from their supplies
They were starving and had to eat their horses
Fredric Von Stubin, a Prussian General, taught the army proper tactics, cleaned up the camp,
and advised George Washington on war tactics
Made soldiers stronger
Federalism - ANSSplitting power between the national government and state governments
(used to pacify the anti-federalists)
Egalitarianism - ANSStatus based on character, you should be able to change your place in life
if you work hard
Northwest Territories - ANSOhio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin
Philadelphia/Constitutional Convention - ANS55 delegates (none from RI bc they're small and
they hated a stronger central gov that would take away their power)
It was originally to revise the AoC, but the Nationalist majority made it so they started making a
new doc
Nationalists: federalism is needed, everything will be okay w/ checks + balances
Federalists - ANSLiked a strong national government, and wanted a change because the AoC
wasn't working.
Rich urban merchants, traders, bankers...
Hamilton/James Madison/John Jay
What was George Washington's presidency like? - ANSIn charge of the executive branch
Alongside the heads of 4 different departments, together they were the cabinet
Challenges:
Organization of the executive branch
4 different heads of departments formed the president's Cabinet, to advise the president on
important issues
Edmund Randolph
Office of the Attorney General, helped with legal matters
Thomas Jefferson
State department helped with this (foreign policy)
Henry Knox
War department, helped with military needs
Alexander Hamilton
Treasury department helped with economic policy
Threats from foreign nations
They had a small military and were strong
Relations with Great Britain and France were tense, pressuring the USA to take sides
Washington wanted the USA to stay neutral, it would keep them from being in foreign wars
Washington kept the USA out of war when it was declared
Nationwide debt
Federal/state governments owed lots of money because of the war
, Federal government owed double than the state
Citizens lost confidence in the gover
Anti-Federalists - ANSFavored state power and feared centralized authority. They supported the
AoC at the Philadelphia Convention and Shays' Rebellion
Rural frontiersman/country yeomans, plantation owners, immigrants...
Thomas Jefferson
Compromises between the federalists and the anti-federalists - ANSBoR (amendments 9 & 10
especially!)
⅗ Compromise
Commercial Compromise
Shay's Rebellion (1786) - ANSBecause of AoC, the gov. couldn't give the veteran his pay.
Shays also had tons of debt he couldn't pay, so he gathered fellow farmers who were also
having their lands taken away and tried marching to the Springfield armory to then close the
courts in Boston. Merchant-sponsored army ended it.
Big sign that AoC wasn't working because even when MA asked for help, other states didn't
care + there was no money to fund a state army, hence the merchant sponsored one
Articles of Confederation - ANSA form of government before the Constitution
Consisted of a weak federal government and strong state government
Weaknesses: It was underfunded, inefficient to organize the government, extremely difficult to
agree on and change/pass laws, and they had no common grounds (judicial branch)
Constitution - ANSCreated after the AoC for a stronger government
Added the bill of rights to pacify anti-federalists
Split power between state and federal governments more evenly
Battle of Trenton - ANS1776
Washington's army was forced out of New York, until Christmas Eve, when he snuck his soldiers
across the frozen Delaware river, to attack a camp of hessians, german mercenaries, and
secure one of the first victories for the Americans of the war
The victory helped to raise morale for the soldiers, who had signed up for six months at most,
and encouraged them to stay in the army.
Led to the creation of the "continental soldiers", who signed up for years at a time, and secured
the future of the continental army.
Winter at Valley Forge - ANS1777-1778
During the severe winter, colonist soldiers were stuck in Valley Forge, cut off from their supplies
They were starving and had to eat their horses
Fredric Von Stubin, a Prussian General, taught the army proper tactics, cleaned up the camp,
and advised George Washington on war tactics
Made soldiers stronger
