Cset Social Science Subtest 3100% Solution

CSET SOCIAL SCIENCE SUBTEST 3100% SOLUTION Which one best describes a central value of Republicanism? - ANSWER That citizens must put civic duty ahead of their individual interest What was the main difference in the approach of the Federalists vs Democratic Republicans to the issues of personal freedom and political equality? - ANSWER The Federalists wanted a stronger and richer nation through more Federal government power, while the Republicans emphasized agrarian values guaranteeing more personal freedoms. What was the most significant source of inspiration for the American Constitution? - ANSWER English Common Laws Which one is NOT a responsibility of a citizen of all democracies? - ANSWER The duty to serve in the military forces What is the Constitution's stance on the issue of commerce and economy? - ANSWER It gives the right of managing internal commerce to the states, while interstate and foreign commerce is managed by the Federal Government What part of the Bill or Rights reinforces the authority of the states? - ANSWER The 10th Amendment, delegating powers not given to the U.S. Constitution to the states. What bodies make up the U.S. Judicial Branch? - ANSWER The Supreme Court and Federal Courts. Habeas Corpus - ANSWER Protects an individual against arbitrary imprisonment by requiring that any person arrested be brought before a court for formal charge. How can the President balance the power of the Congress? - ANSWER He can veto Congressional Bills How is the Chief Justice of the United States selected? - ANSWER He/She is selected by the President and confirmed by the Senate. What important decision was made by the Supreme Court in the Plessy vs. Ferguson case? - ANSWER Challenging segregation laws was illegal. Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board - ANSWER In this case, the U.S. Supreme Court requested clarification from the Florida Supreme Court regarding a decision it had made. Which part of the Constitution addresses the issue of salaries of representatives? - ANSWER 27th Amendment. What is "hard money" campaign contributions? - ANSWER Cash paid to the campaign of a political candidate What is Soft Money? - ANSWER When cash is contributed to a political party with no limits attached to the amount that can be received. Who has the authority to arrest a suspect who has fled the state where he/she has committed a crime? - ANSWER Local law enforcement of the place where the suspect resides. Which part of the Constitution has been most controversial in determine the relationship between the federal and state authorities? - ANSWER Commerce Clause (Article 1) How does a parliamentary system check the functions of the executive branch? - ANSWER By creating parallel executive branches known as Shadow Cabinets. In the U.S., who confirms the election of the President? - ANSWER The Senate When was the phrase 'Under God" added to the Pledge of Allegiance? - ANSWER In 1954 by the Congress What problem did the theory of Concurrent Majority try to solve? - ANSWER The problem of the Tyranny of the Majority. What is the basic assumption of the theory of Supply and Demand? - ANSWER That markets perfectly competitive In what situation is a business said to be making a normal profit? - ANSWER When the total profit equals the total of all fixed and variable costs What is economic profit? - ANSWER Total value of all gods and services produced in an economic entity How is economic distribution defined? - ANSWER The distribution of total output among individuals or factors of production in an economic activity How does price control violate property rights? - ANSWER It prevents the owner from selling or renting the property at the price that would maximize his or her profit. What is contractionary fiscal policy? - ANSWER When government expenditure is less than the tax income Economies of Scale - ANSWER The sellers large scale or size, allows it to use its human, capital, and other resources more efficiently and economically than if those resources were divided among smaller producers What is GDP? - ANSWER Total output of economic goods and services at the market value. What provision for labor is considered part of the welfare system? - ANSWER The minimum wag