Amls Study Guide Exam Practice Chapter 1| Question & Correct Answer

Amls Study Guide Exam Practice Chapter 1| Question & Correct Answer A 20-year-old female presents with a 2 -day history of dyspnea, nonproductive cough, chest tightness, and audible wheezing. Further exam reveals no fever or stridor. The patient has rapid respirations with difficulty exhaling. Which diagnosis is most likely? - CORRCT ANSWER -Bronchiolitis A 22-year-old male has recent ly undergone a surgical procedure to repair an injury to thoracic vertebrae T4 -T6. Assessment indicates the patient is alert and oriented, bradycardic, hypotensive, and has warm, dry skin. Which type of shock is most likely occurring? - CORRCT ANSWER -Neuro genic A 38-year-old presents with mild chest tightness and urticaria after mowing the lawn. He felt a "sting" in his left lower leg and states the symptoms came on suddenly. BP 130/82, P 100, R 20 with a normal work of breathing and clear lung sounds. The healthcare provider should: - CORRCT ANSWER -Initiate an IV with 0.9% normal saline and administer 0.5mg of epinephrine A 45-year-old patient is found supine on the floor. Healthcare providers note pinpoint pupils, shallow respirations, and vomitus in and around the mouth. What course of action should be taken next? - CORRCT ANSWER -Supplemental oxygen and suction A 50-year-old female has called 911. She complains of shortness of breath and chest discomfort. Assessment reveals her skin is pale, moist, and cool. BP is 102/68, R 24, labored with crackles, P of 130 and regular. Which type of shock is most likely occurring? - CORRCT ANSWER -Cardiogenic A 55-year-old complains of an "aching" chest discomfort that persists over several days. The patient has a tem perature of 101*F (38.3*C). Which finding will help narrow the diagnosis to pericarditis? - CORRCT ANSWER -ST-segment elevation in all leads A 62-year-old patient presents with a severe headache. It is described as a "thunderclap" accompanied with nausea, blurred vision, and an elevated blood pressure. What neurologic condition is most likely causing this patient's presentation? - CORRCT ANSWER -Subarachnoid hemorrhage A caregiver for a quadriplegic patient notes an onset of difficulty in breathing and anxiousness in her patient. Further assessment shows a temperature of 101.2*F (38*C), P 128, BP 86/68, and R 24. Physical exam shows the skin is warm and urine in the catheter is dark yellow and cloudy. This patient is most likely experiencing what type of shock? - CORRCT ANSWER -Septic A daughter states that her 72 -year-old mother has a history of hypertension, high cholesterol, and rheumatoid art hritis. Daily medications include aspirin, Tenormin, Plaquenil, and Plavix. She is concerned as her mother has mixed up her medications and is now lethargic with diminished respirations. Vital signs are P 58 and regular, R 10 and shallow, and BP 90/74. Blo od glucose level is 52mg/dL (2.8mmol/L). Which medication toxicity would be indicative of this presentation? - CORRCT ANSWER -Beta Blocker A fire fighter has been working a fire for 4 hours on a humid, hot day. He suddenly becomes nauseated and restless. T he provider observes pupil dilation and an almond odor to his breath. The vital signs are P 56, R 22, BP 140/86. The ECG reveals sinus bradycardia with occasional PACs. Which toxin exposure has occurred? - CORRCT ANSWER -Cyanide poisoning A foreign exchang e university student is found by his roommate and EMS is dispatched. The patient presents with an unusual flat red rash on his chest and arms. He has been ill with fever, nausea, and vomiting. Physical exam reveals stiffness of the neck. The healthcare pro vider will anticipate which diagnosis? - CORRCT ANSWER -Meningitis A local businesswoman has returned from missionary work in South Africa. She is complaining of night sweats, chest discomfort, and a persistent cough for several weeks. Which underlying dia gnosis is most likely causing these symptoms? - CORRCT ANSWER -Tuberculosis A patient complaining of a 3 -day history of left lower abdominal pain describes it as sharp and, during the focused physical exam, the pain intensifies during palpitation over the site. Differentials should include: - CORRCT ANSWER -Ectopic pregnancy or diverticulitis A patient complains of nausea and is passing black, tarry stools rectally. This patient is most likely suffering from: - CORRCT ANSWER -Upper GI bleed A patient is a r esident in an assisted -living facility to obtain physical therapy after a knee replacement surgery. She complains of a rash that is red and has small bumps. She has been feeling ill for several days. What is the most likely working diagnosis? - CORRCT ANSW ER-Methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus A patient presents anxious with difficulty in breathing and chest pain. An assessment reveals hypotension, muffled heart tones, and distended neck veins. There is a past medical history of pericarditis. The p rovider notes that there is decrease in systolic blood pressure when the patient inhales. Which diagnosis would be considered with this presentation? - CORRCT ANSWER -Cardiac tamponade Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by what pat hologic change? - CORRCT ANSWER -Breakdown of the alveolar -capillary membrane