AP Human Geography Chapter 10 Graded A+

AP Human Geography Chapter 10 Graded A+ Deliberate modification of Earth's surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain. agriculture Any plant cultivated by people. crop What are the characteristics of a hunter-gatherer society? The men hunted game or fished, and the women collected berries, nuts, and roots. This division of labor sounds like a stereotype that is based on evidence archaeology and anthropology. Small groups, fallowed migration patterns. How many hunter-gatherers are there today? Where od they live? less than 0.005% Australia's Great Victorian Desert Andaman Islans Botswana Namibia The time when human beings firs domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. agricultural revolution The production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer's family. The production of food primarily for sale off the farm. subsistence agriculture commercial agriculture What are the three main features that separate commercial agriculture from subsistence agriculture? percentage of farmers in the labor force the use of machinery farm size % of Farmers in Labor Force in Subsistence Agriculture % of Farmers in Labor Force in Commercial Agriculture 44% 5% North America-2% Use of Machinery in Subsistence Agriculture Use of Machinery in Commercial Agriculture Farm Size in Subsistence Agriculture Hand tools and animal power Lots of machines 2.5 acres Farm Size in Commercial Agriculture 418 acres Physical social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritions food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preference for an active and healthy life. How much of the world does not have food security? food security one-eighth Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity. undernourishment How much of the world suffers from undernourishment? Where are those places? in developing countries. A form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animal. nomadism In what type of climate is it usually found? In the drylands, so dry climate. What regions of the world are currently occupied by this practice? 870 million and pastoral Central and Southwest Asia and North Africa. How do pastoral nomads obtain grain (several ways)? * many present-day nomads do raise crops * sedentary subsistence farmers in exchange for animal products Camel-North Africa and Southwest Asia along with sheep What animals are chosen, and where? and goats Horse-Central Asia Describe territoriality among pastoral nomads. Every group controls a piece of territory and will invade another groups territory only in an emergency or if war is declared. Seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas. In what way do modern governments currently threaten pastoral nomadism? their landed use it for other things. In what climate does shifting cultivation. transhumance They want to take Humid Low-Latitde (A) climate regions.