COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IN CANADA Top Predicted Questions and Answers

Emerging Infectious Diseases - Diseases where the incidence has increased in the past two decades or has the potential to increase in the near future. Anthrax - Acute disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. Things that have contributed to reducing endemics - Improved nutrition, vaccines, and antibiotics. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome - Infectious disease that begins with flu-like symptoms that can become life-threatening when the virus affects the lungs and causes respiratory problems. Spread from infected mice urine and droppings when inhaled. Necrotizing Fasciitis - Flesh-eating disease with a high-fatality rate. Group A streptococci (GAS) begins in a skin injury. Canada estimates 90 and 200 cases per year with a fatality rate of 20% to 30%. Escherichia Coli (E. coli) - Highly toxic strain of bacteria and is transmitted by contaminated food. Causes severe diarrhea, kidney damage and death. Outbreaks continue to occur. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) - Mad cow disease, transmitted to humans through contaminated beef. Identified in Canada in 1993 from a cow brought to Canada. Continued surveillance to prevent another outbreak. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) - Affects the central nervous system and can be fatal. There are two forms, classical and variant. cCJD has no known cause and vCJD is linked to eating beef infected with BSE. West Nile Virus (WNV) - Mosquito-transmitted illness to livestock, birds, and humans. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) - Disease of undetermined etiology with no definitive treatment. First reported in China/Hong Kong and travelled around the world. WHO and PHAC worked together to monitor and control the outbreak. MERS - Coronavirus reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. All cases linked to travel there, symptoms are severe fever, cough, shortness of breath, kidney failure and death. 27% of cases are fatal, no reported cases in Canada. Communicable Disease - Contagious disease of human or animal origin caused by an infectious agent. Goal of Elimination - Remove disease from large geographical areas such as a country. Eradication - Permanent elimination of a disease worldwide. Infectivity - The ability to enter and multiply in the host Pathogenicity - The ability to produce a specific clinical reaction after infection occurs. Virulence - The ability to produce a severe pathological reaction.