Brain and Behavior Exam 3 NROSCI 0080 PITT fully solved & updated

Learning = long term change in behavior; the information acquisition process memory = the storage and retrieval of learned info Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:05 / 0:15 Full screen Learning can be classified as what 3 things? simple, procedural, or complex All learning requires what? experience Simple Learning occurs on a...? subconscious level Simple learning does not require what? the cortex or hippocampus Classic or Pavlonian Conditioning = Simple Learning Unconditioned Stimulus stimulus that in unconditionally, naturally and automatically, triggers a response. Unconditioned Response unlearned, naturally occurring response to the Unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response Conditioned Stimulus original neutral stimulus that, after unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response Conditioned Response learned response to formerly neutral conditioned stimulus Eye Blink Response = Classical Conditioning; air puff to eye -- blink -- tone -- blink Little Albert John Watson; Classical conditioning, learning to generate phobias in humans ie. bunny paired with loud bang Procedural Learning knowledge of how to do something What is required for procedural learning? Cortex and Cerebellum What is NOT required for procedural learning? hippocampus and amygdala Cortex and Cerebellum and important for interactions (motor learning) Complex Learning higher order learning that requires interactions between frontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala Frontal cortex damage = severe deficits in complex learning such as math language etc. To remember something you must? acquire it, retain it, and retrieve it What are the 3 Stages of memory? Immediate, Short term, long term Immediate memory = few seconds then gone ie. phone number being dialed Short term memory several minutes to hours, very fragile Process called: mental recitation Long term memory short term memory is retained for days - life Process called memory consolidation ***transfer from short to long term memory requires the? hippocampus*** 2 categories of memory conscious (explicit) and unconscious (implicit) Explicit/declarative memory = consciously aware of, can talk about Implicitly/non-declarative memory = not consciously aware of, can demonstrate knowledge but not retrieve info Declarative memory includes daily episodes, words and meanings, history non declarative memory includes motor skills, associations, priming cues, puzzle solving retrograde amnesia deficit in recalling previous info anterograde amnesia deficit in learning new info ie. trauma, alcohol, electro shock Paitient K.C. traumatic brain injury resulting from motor incident. Can still play chess, short term memory is intact. Can recall facts about self but no memory of events that he was in EPISODIC AMNESIA. Patient H.M. bilateral removal of temporal lobe for epilepsy. Antrogade amnesia Procedural knowledge is? How to do something, simple learning Declarative knowledge is? explicit record of experiences, complex learning There is no particular location in the cortex for? memories Karl Lashley taught animals specific task, removed different pieces of cortex to find where memory was stored. Never found. momory is associated with changes that take place at the what? synapse