CCHT Prep Exam 100% SOLUTION

CCHT Prep Exam 100% SOLUTION Counter current flow allows for the most efficient removal of wastes from the patient. - ANSWER Blood and dialysate move in opposite directions A semipermeable membrane is a porous barrier that - ANSWER Allows only a certain size particle to cross Diffusion is movement of particles - ANSWER From an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Negative pressure is pressure created when - ANSWER Fluid is pulled through a restriction During dialysis ultra filtration occurs when - ANSWER Water is removed from the blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysis At which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative pressure - ANSWER The arterial line section before the blood pump Which of the following will increase the amount of solutes that will diffuse across the semipermeable membrane - ANSWER High concentration gradients Heparin is prescribed for most dialysis treatments because - ANSWER Heparin minimizes clotting in the circuit The components of the dialysis treatment that affect the clearance include - ANSWER Dialysate flow, time of treatment, dialyzer size, and blood flow rate Which of these functions of healthy kidneys can be replaced by dialysis - ANSWER 1. fluid removal 2. waste removal 3. electrolyte balance How does hemodialysis work? Explain how the blood and dialysate interact with the semipermeable membrane. - ANSWER Blood and dialysate are pumped through the dialyzer, on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane. Solutes and excess fluid pass from the blood, through the membrane, and into the dialysate for removal The dialyzer removes most wastes and excess fluids from the body through a number of processes including diffusion, convection, and ultrafiltration. Dialyzers vary in their ability to remove wastes from the body. The ability to remove wastes from the body is called. - ANSWER Clearance Two things that affect the dialyzers ability to remove wastes from the body include - ANSWER Surface area and molecular weight cutoff Name two compartments of the dialyzer - ANSWER Blood and dialysate Dialysate is the fluid that helps remove waste products from the body. It contains a number of substances. Choose the group that might be prescribed for a dialysate solution - ANSWER Bicarbonate, sodium, potassium What is the most important safety monitor during a dialysis treatment - ANSWER The dialysis technician Dialysate conductivity measures - ANSWER The total electrical charge of a solution Dialysate that has too much sodium may cause patient injury. Too much sodium or hypernatremia can cause - ANSWER Headaches, high blood pressure, cramping, and shriveling of red blood cells Dialysate that has too much calcium can cause - ANSWER Vomiting, confusion and irritability Dialysate that has too much potassium can cause - ANSWER Irregular heartbeat, severe muscle weakness Dialysate that has too little sodium can cause - ANSWER Low blood pressure, cramping, and bursting of red blood cells Although dialysate delivery systems have a backup monitoring system it is critical that - ANSWER 1. The monitoring system be checked and calibrated on a schedule recommended by the manufacturer 2. Conductivity and PH be verified by independent meters before each dialysis treatment and whenever the dialysate is changed 3. All alarm systems be tested prior to each dialysis treatment Patients well being is an important factor. Dialysis should not control or limit complications of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following is a sign that patients may need more dialysis? - ANSWER Dry weight loss "Normal" body temperature taken orally is - ANSWER 98.6 degrees F The instrument used for measuring blood pressure is called - ANSWER Sphygmomanometer A rapid pulse of 104 beats/min would indicate that the patient has - ANSWER Tachycardia The normal range of resting respiration's in an adult id - ANSWER 12 to 20 breaths/min The breakdown of red blood cells with a concurrent loss or liberation of hemoglobin and large amounts of potassium is known as A. Air embolism B. Hyperthermia